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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 May;50(5):945–956. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001519

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effect of exercise pre-training suppresses STZ-induced gliosis, release of pro-inflammatory cytokine and enhances the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the rat hippocampal CA1 region. (A) Representative confocal microscopy of Iba1 (green) and GFAP (red) staining taken from medial hippocampal CA1 region (a-l). Abbreviations: s.o., stratum oriens; s.p., stratum pyramidale and s.r., stratum radiatum. The intensity of the immunoreactivity associated with Iba1 and GFAP in each group were further quantified in (m) and (n). (B). Representative confocal images of IL-10 (green) and DAPI (blue) were shown in (a–d). The levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 were measured by ELISA assay using hippocampal CA1 homogenates (e, f). (C) ELISA analyses of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 were performed to examine the effect of exercise pretreatment on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to STZ injection (a–d). All data are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 4–5). *P < 0.05 versus control, #P < 0.05 versus STZ group without SW. Scale bar =10 µm.