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. 2018 Apr 13;8:5978. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24334-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic presentation of a neural circuit for sensation and perception of food-related odor stimuli. A the first part of the model depicts a previously characterized sensory module involving olfactory and projection neurons^7,33,34. We posit that the four DA neurons in each cluster function in largely autonomous manner to integrate converging olfactory representations of various odorants, and a Dop1R1 activity-dependent gating mechanism in NPF neurons selectively assigns appetitive salience to a narrow spectrum of odor-induced DA signals. ORNs: olfactory receptor neurons; PNs: projection neurons; DANs: DA neurons; NPFNs: NPF neurons; AL: antenna lobes; LH: lateral horns.