FIG 9.

Determination of BNeV-binding HBGA epitopes in MDBK and Caco-2 cells. (A) Bovine kidney epithelial MDBK cells were pretreated with or without each specific enzyme (α1,2-l-fucosidase, α1,3/4-l-fucosidase, α-galactosidase, or α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase) individually or in various combinations as indicated, mock treated, or applied with 10 μg/ml AF594-labeled BNeV VLPs and then examined by confocal microscopy. (B) To remove α1,2-linked fucose, α1,3/4-linked fucose, αGal, GalNAc epitopes, or α1,2- and α1,3/4-linked fucoses together, human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells were pretreated with or without each individual enzyme or combinations of the enzymes as indicated, mock treated, or applied with AF594-labeled BNeV VLPs at 10 μg/ml and then examined by confocal microscopy. All experiments were performed three independent times, and panels A to C show one representative set of results. The scale bars correspond to 50 μm.