Table 1.
Systemic characteristics and cardiac function in experimental groups at 16 wk
| Parameter | Lean | MetS | MetS + ELAM |
|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight, kg | 70.0 ± 10.9 | 92.0 ± 3.8* | 91.7 ± 3.4* |
| Mean blood pressure, mmHg | 99.6 ± 9.7 | 122.8 ± 11.2* | 119.3 ± 2.2* |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 82.5 (76.0–90.5) | 414.0 (331.0–506.8)* | 383.5 (306.8–410.3)* |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 47.7 ± 5.9 | 134.1 ± 29.7* | 124.8 ± 37.7* |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 33.8 (26.4–40.3) | 369.7 (213.4–489.6)* | 286.4 (262.6–468.1)* |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 7.8 ± 2.1 | 18.8 ± 3.4* | 21.2 ± 6.9* |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 101.0 ± 2.7 | 103.7 ± 16.1 | 107.2 ± 12.5 |
| Fasting insulin, µU/ml | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 0.7 (0.7–0.8)* | 0.7 (0.7–0.8)* |
| HOMA-IR score | 0.6 (0.6–0.7) | 1.9 (1.5–1.9)* | 1.9 (1.8–2.0)* |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 74.6 ± 5.2 | 82.7 ± 4.4* | 81.0 ± 2.5* |
| Cardiac output, l/min | 5.4 ± 0.8 | 6.0 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 1.0 |
| Stroke volume, ml | 72.3 ± 5.4 | 71.1 ± 5.4 | 73.8 ± 5.7 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 58.8 ± 6.7 | 53.5 ± 5.4 | 54.4 ± 2.3 |
| Left ventricular muscle mass, g | 140.0 ± 23.9 | 146.5 ± 27.1 | 145.7 ± 24.6 |
| Systemic vascular resistance, mmHg⋅min⋅ml−1 | 1,443.7 ± 206.0 | 1,670.1 ± 343.5 | 1,708.5 ± 285.7 |
| Myocardial perfusion, ml·min−1·g−1 | 1.08 ± 0.15 | 0.85 ± 0.10* | 0.82 ± 0.20* |
Values are means or medians (interquartile ranges); n = 6 pigs/group. MetS, metabolic syndrome; ELAM, elamipretide; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
*
P < 0.05 vs. the lean group.