Table 1.

Mouse mass and echocardiography data

	Groups
	Air	E-cig	3R4F	P Value (ANOVA)
n	8	9	12
Body mass, g
Pre	19.6 ± 0.2	19.4 ± 0.3	19.8 ± 0.3	0.59
Post	28.9 ± 0.7	29.8 ± 1.0‡	27.1 ± 0.7	0.08
Δ	9.3 ± 0.5	10.2 ± 0.9†	7.4 ± 0.6¶	0.02
Heart mass, mg	115.1 ± 3.2	118.5 ± 2.4	109.4 ± 2.5	0.09
Heart-to-body mass ratio	4.0 ± 0.1	4.2 ± 0.2	4.2 ± 0.1	0.65
LV mass,a mg	109 ± 10	126 ± 5†¶	102 ± 3	0.02
LV corrected,a mg	87 ± 8	101 ± 4†¶	83 ± 2	0.03
Lung, mg	84.8 ± 4.1	97.3 ± 8.7	91.2 ± 5.6	0.36
Spleen, mg	84.5 ± 3.7	89.3 ± 3.9†	72.6 ± 2.7*	<0.01
Echocardiography
n	11	12	13
Heart rate, beats/min	461 ± 16	472 ± 18	477 ± 17	0.84
Stroke volume, µl	31.0 ± 3.0	26.9 ± 2.4	25.4 ± 2.3	0.33
Cardiac output, ml/min	12.5 ± 1.1	12.0 ± 1.4	12.8 ± 1.5	0.91
Stroke volume-to-body mass ratio, µl/g	1.10 ± 0.14	0.87 ± 0.08	0.94 ± 0.09	0.34
Cardiac output-to-body mass ratio, ml/min/g	0.44 ± 0.03	0.41 ± 0.05	0.47 ± 0.06	0.70
FS, %	24.9 ± 3.2	21.4 ± 2.5‡	15.2 ± 2.0*	0.04
EF, %	72 ± 3	63 ± 3¶	56 ± 4*	0.01
Area, mm2
Systole	8.40 ± 0.79	10.00 ± 1.03	11.67 ± 0.93	0.07
Diastole	18.61 ± 0.91	18.30 ± 1.14	19.13 ± 0.81	0.83
Volume, µl
Systole	13.5 ± 1.3	19.5 ± 2.1	20.4 ± 2.6	0.07
Diastole	44.0 ± 3.5	43.9 ± 4.3	45.9 ± 2.8	0.91

Values are means ± SE. E-cig, electronic cigarette; EF, ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; LV, left ventricle; 3R4F, reference cigarette. Boldface indicates statistical significance.

^aValues are from echocardiographic analysis.

^*P < 0.05 vs. air,

^†P < 0.05 vs. 3R4F,

^¶P < 0.10 vs. air, and

^‡P < 0.10 vs. 3R4F.