Fig. 2.

Mean α-diversity declines in converted habitats. Both taxonomic (A) and phylogenetic (B) α-diversity decline with habitat conversion, yet PD declines less than expected based on species richness loss (C; SES PD is PD standardized by species richness), indicating that species affiliated with converted habitats come from across the phylogenetic tree. Box plots depict medians, interquartile ranges, and full ranges and are overlaid with a circle representing the mean (error bars representing 95% CIs are included, but are too small to see). Thin lines connect values within the same study. Significant differences are shown by asterisks. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.