Fig. 2.

Cell assembly for the solid-state Li metal anode study in a 3D garnet host. (A) Cross-sectional SEM image of the 3D garnet host. (B) XRD pattern of the 3D porous LLCZN pellet in comparison with standard cubic-phase Li₅La₃Nb₂O₁₂ (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards 80–0457). (C) Schematic showing the procedures to fill the upper layer of the porous garnet host with molten Li. SEM images of (D) the upper layer filled with Li metal by melt infiltration, where Li is dark color and garnet is bright as indicated by the arrows, and (E) the lower layer of porous garnet without Li infiltration, which is reserved for electrochemical Li deposition.