Table 1.

Models used in this study to assess responses of permafrost dynamics, carbon dynamics, and sensitivity of carbon dynamics to changes in atmospheric CO₂, air temperature, and precipitation

Model acronym	Model name	Used to simulate permafrost dynamics	Used to simulate carbon dynamics	Used to evaluate sensitivity of carbon dynamics
CLM4.5	Community Land Model, Version 4.5	Yes	Yes	No
CoLM	Common Land Model	Yes	No	No
JULES	Joint UK Land Environmental Simulator	Yes	No	No
ORCHb	Orchidee Land Model, Version b*	Yes	Yes	Yes
UVic	University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model	Yes	Yes	Yes
TEM6	Terrestrial Ecosystem Model, Version 6	Yes	Yes	Yes
SiBCASA	Simple Biosphere/Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach Model	Yes	Yes	No
GIPLb	Geophysical Institute Permafrost Lab Model, Version b†	Yes	No	No

^*ORCHb considers depth of carbon dynamics to 47 m in the soil column, in comparison with 2 m in ORCHa.

^†GIPLb increases snow density as it accumulates on the ground surface, in comparison with empirical snow warming factors in GIPL.