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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Comp Neurol. 2018 Apr 6;526(9):1550–1570. doi: 10.1002/cne.24428

Figure 13. Summary of results.

Figure 13

We showed that, in the Anterior Forebrain Pathway (AFP) of the song system, the basal ganglia nucleus Area X receives input from the thalamic nucleus, DLM, as well as adjacent subregions of cerebellar-recipient dorsal thalamus (DTCbN) (blue arrows). Hence DLM provides feedback to Area X similar to projections from thalamus to the striatum in mammals, and DTCbN provides a route for output from the cerebellar nuclei (CbN, red arrow) to reach the basal ganglia in the song system through thalamus. More posterior and medial regions of DTCbN project to medial striatum outside of Area X (lighter blue arrow). We also found that DTCbN projects to nidopallium outside of cortical song system nucleus LMAN (lighter blue arrow), implying that DTCbN may communicate both with the song system and with general motor areas outside the song system. Canonical nuclei of the song system are outlined in heavy black lines.