Table 1.
Baseline characteristics preceding incident clinical outcomes by HF subtype
| Incident HF | P ANOVA | No HF | Unclassified HF | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| HFpEF | HFmrEF | HFrEF | ||||
| N=811 | N=200 | N=1048 | N=26071 | N=690 | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, years | 71 (9) | 72 (8)† | 70 (10) | 0.0003 | 58 (14) | 75 (7) |
| Women, n (%) | 477 (59) | 95 (48)*† | 379 (36) | <0.0001 | 14151 (54) | 366 (53) |
| Race | 0.15 | |||||
| White, n (%) | 692 (85) | 175 (88) | 917 (88) | 21160 (81) | 584 (85) | |
| Black, n (%) | 84 (10) | 21 (11) | 92 (9) | 2394 (9) | 90 (13) | |
| Other, n (%) | 34 (4) | 4 (2) | 37 (4) | 2465 (9) | 16 (2) | |
|
| ||||||
| Clinical covariates | ||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 142 (22) | 142 (22) | 142 (22) | 0.99 | 129 (20) | 142 (22) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 73 (11) | 72 (11)† | 75 (12) | 0.0001 | 74 (10) | 71 (12) |
| Hypertension treatment, n (%) | 435 (54) | 106 (53) | 550 (52) | 0.88 | 6846 (26) | 412 (60) |
| Heart rate, bpm | 68 (11) | 68 (11) | 68 (12) | 0.87 | 67 (11) | 69 (12) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.6 (5.5) | 27.8 (4.6)* | 27.9 (4.7) | 0.002 | 26.8 (4.8) | 27.4 (5.2) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 156 (19) | 39 (20) | 232 (22) | 0.30 | 1980 (8) | 158 (23) |
| Diabetes medications, n (%) | 97 (12) | 29 (15) | 123 (12) | 0.54 | 1149 (4) | 93 (14) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 108 (13) | 27 (14) | 206 (20) | 0.0007 | 5800 (22) | 91 (13) |
| Modest alcohol use, n (%) | 130 (16) | 45 (23) | 215 (21) | 0.03 | 6009 (23) | 98 (14) |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 66 (8) | 22 (11) | 184 (18) | <0.0001 | 779 (3) | 87 (13) |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 131 (16) | 47 (24)* | 260 (25) | <0.0001 | 1341 (5) | 190 (28) |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 32 (4) | 10 (5) | 71 (7) | 0.03 | 370 (1) | 33 (5) |
| Hyperlipidemia treatment, n (%) | 76 (9) | 16 (8) | 100 (10) | 0.90 | 1897 (7) | 53 (8) |
|
| ||||||
| Laboratory covariates | ||||||
| Total cholesterol | 211 (40) | 209 (38) | 209 (45) | 0.63 | 209 (41) | 209 (39) |
| HDL cholesterol | 50 (15) | 47 (14)* | 47 (14) | <0.0001 | 52 (16) | 51 (16) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 67 (19) | 63 (19)* | 66 (20) | 0.048 | 76 (18) | 63 (18) |
|
| ||||||
| ECG covariates | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 43 (5) | 19 (10) | 61 (6) | 0.07 | 274 (1) | 45 (7) |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy, n (%) | 46 (6) | 13 (7) | 99 (9) | 0.006 | 642 (2) | 56(8) |
| Left bundle branch block, n (%) | 16 (2) | 5 (3) | 59 (6) | 0.0002 | 156 (0.6) | 15 (2) |
P for ANOVA denotes testing for between-group differences among incident HF subtypes (HFpEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF)
*
P<0.05 for HFmrEF vs HFpEF,
†
P<0.05 for HFmrEF vs HFrEF