Table 8.

IL-37 in obesity and insulin resistance.

Disease	Expression status	Model	Mechanism	Reference
Obesity	aLiver and subcutaneous adipose tissue	No	Unknown	[88]
Insulin resistance	bAdipose tissue	High-fat diet mice	↓ERK1/2 ↓JNK ↓IKKα/β ↓macrophage ↓NK cells ↓cytotoxic T cells ↓IL-1β ↓IL-6 ↓CXCL1 ↓TLRs signaling ↑phosphorylation of IRS-1 tyrosine 941 ↑AMPK signaling	[89]

TLR: Toll-like receptor. ↑: upregulate. ↓: downregulate; ^aIL-37 expression was increased after weight loss in liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue, ^bIL-37 expression level was higher in adipose tissue compared with stromal vascular cells and relates to insulin sensitivity.