Current opportunities for practical clinical intervention to mitigate risk of allergic disease

Clinical intervention	Rationale
Reduce elective cesarean sections	Microbial dysbiosis can be mitigated to reduce the risk of allergic immune responses and inflammation.
Reduce indiscriminateuse of antibiotics during infancy/perinatal period
Encourage breast-feeding, when possible
Increase dietary intake of fermentable fiber	Microbial fermentation produces SCFAs, which in vitro and in vivo data suggest can mitigate allergic responses, including in the lung.
Topical anti-inflammatory medication	Inflammation reduces host antimicrobial responses, and use of anti-inflammatory agents reduces S aureus colonization.