Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants with Type 2 diabetes by PTSD status
| Variable | Total Sample | No PTSD symptoms | PTSD symptoms | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 103 | 72 (70) | 31 (30) | |
| Age in years, mean (S.D.) | 60 (12) | 61 (12) | 58 (10) | .20 |
| Age in years | ||||
| ≤49 | 17 (17) | 13 (18) | 4 (13) | .02 |
| 50–64 | 48 (47) | 27 (38) | 21 (68) | |
| ≥65 | 38 (37) | 32 (44) | 6 (19) | |
| Female | 72 (70) | 50 (69) | 22 (71) | .88 |
| Black non-Hispanic | 94 (91) | 67 (93) | 27 (87) | .45 |
| Married/significant other | 27 (26) | 19 (26) | 8 (26) | .95 |
| Less than high school diploma | 58 (56) | 41 (57) | 17 (55) | .84 |
| Annual income* | ||||
| 0–$9,999 | 45 (44) | 32 (44) | 13 (42) | .10 |
| 10,000–20,000 | 40 (39) | 31 (43) | 9 (29) | |
| >$20,000 | 18 (17) | 9 (13) | 9 (29) | |
| A1C, median (IQR) | 7 (6.4-8.2) | 6.9 (6.3-8.1) | 7.3 (6.7-8.6) | .03 |
| A1C >7% | 51 (50) | 30 (42) | 21 (68) | .01 |
| Years with diabetes, mean (S.D.) | 11 (9) | 11 (9) | 13 (10) | .15 |
| Years with diabetes | ||||
| ≤4 | 23 (22) | 18 (25) | 5 (16) | .65 |
| 5–10 | 37 (36) | 25 (35) | 12 (39) | |
| >10 | 43 (42) | 29 (40) | 14 (45) | |
| Insulin use | 42 (41) | 26 (36) | 16 (52) | .14 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (S.D.) | 33.5 (8.2) | 32.9 (7.7) | 34.8 (9.4) | .30 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
| 18.5–24.9, normal weight | 6 (6) | 5 (7) | 1 (3) | .16 |
| 25–29.9, overweight | 32 (31) | 26 (36) | 6 (!9) | |
| 30–39.9, obese | 49 (48) | 29 (40) | 20 (65) | |
| ≥40, extreme obesity | 16 (16) | 12 (17) | 4 (13) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score, mean (S.D.) | 2 (1) | 1.9 (1) | 2.4 (1.5) | .047 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | ||||
| 1–1.9 | 39 (38) | 30 (42) | 9 (29) | .24 |
| 2–2.9 | 41 (40) | 29 (40) | 12 (39) | |
| ≥3 | 23 (22) | 13 (18) | 10 (32) | |
| Depressive symptoms | ||||
| None | 68 (66) | 54 (75) | 14 (45) | .01 |
| Minimal/mild | 23 (22) | 12 (17) | 11 (35) | |
| Moderate/severe | 12 (12) | 6 (8) | 6 (19) | |
| Psychiatric medication | 19 (18) | 9 (13) | 10 (32) | .02 |
| Lifetime smoking history | 50 (49) | 35 (49) | 15 (48) | .98 |
| Lifetime illicit substance use | 28 (27) | 20 (28) | 8 (26) | .84 |
| Any lifetime trauma | 81 (79) | 50 (69) | 31 (100) | .001 |
| Any PTSD symptoms | 31 (30) | — | — | |
| Minimal symptoms | 7 (7) | — | 7 (23) | |
| Subthreshold PTSD | 12 (12) | — | 12 (39) | |
| Full PTSD | 12 (12) | — | 12 (39) | |
Data are n (%) unless otherwise stated. Column percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding IQR, interquartile range.
*
Three refusals, n=100.