Exhibit 3.

Annual primary care and emergency department (ED) visits for Oregon Medicaid enrollees in 2010–14, overall for whites and by primary care service area type for blacks

Source/Notes: SOURCE Authors’ analysis of 2010–14 Oregon Medicaid claims data. NOTES Black enrollees were divided into two categories: those living in primary care service areas with a share of black residents above the median (higher black share area), and those living in areas with a share of black residents below the median (lower black share area). In 2012 Oregon transformed its Medicaid program, providing coverage through sixteen coordinated care organizations (CCOs).