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Open-field test in gnotobiotic rats mono-associated with the WT E. coli strain (“I+” rats) or with the mutant inactivated for the tnaA gene (“I−” rats). (A) Distance traveled, (B) Number of rearings, (C) Number of self-groomings (n = 12 rats/group, Mann-Whitney test). Data are medians with interquartile ranges. *P < 0.05.
