Table 5. Final Items and Item Numbers for the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale.

Subscale	Development item No. (Study 1)	Final item No.	Final item
Note. IB = Impartial Beneficence subscale; IH = Instrumental Harm.
Impartial Beneficence	62	IB-1	From a moral perspective, people should care about the well-being of all human beings on the planet equally; they should not favor the well-being of people who are especially close to them either physically or emotionally.
	11	IB-2	From a moral point of view, we should feel obliged to give one of our kidneys to a person with kidney failure since we don’t need two kidneys to survive, but really only one to be healthy.
	17	IB-3	If the only way to save another person’s life during an emergency is to sacrifice one’s own leg, then one is morally required to make this sacrifice.
	73	IB-4	It is just as wrong to fail to help someone as it is to actively harm them yourself.
	16	IB-5	It is morally wrong to keep money that one doesn’t really need if one can donate it to causes that provide effective help to those who will benefit a great deal.
Instrumental Harm	68	IH-1	It is morally right to harm an innocent person if harming them is a necessary means to helping several other innocent people.
	20	IH-2	If the only way to ensure the overall well-being and happiness of the people is through the use of political oppression for a short, limited period, then political oppression should be used.
	72	IH-3	It is permissible to torture an innocent person if this would be necessary to provide information to prevent a bomb going off that would kill hundreds of people.
	67	IH-4	Sometimes it is morally necessary for innocent people to die as collateral damage—if more people are saved overall.