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. 2018 Apr 6;9:675. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00675

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Copyright © 2018 Quagliariello, Del Chierico, Russo, Reddel, Conte, Lopetuso, Ianiro, Dallapiccola, Cardona, Gasbarrini and Putignani.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Descriptive model of PANS/PANDAS brain–gut microbiota axis. Model suggests that streptococcal infection can alter gut microbial communities leading to an increment of Bacteroides, Odoribacter, and Oscillospira, and to a reduction of Roseburia, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae. KEGG analysis showed an increment of pro-inflammatory pathways and a reduction of anti-inflammatory and neurological predicted metabolites, respectively. This condition could affect dopamine pathways, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)–glycine binding site and antibodies modulation leading to behavior impairments.