Table 2.

Conditions leading to surgical approach.

Endoscopic failure
• caught in the esophageal wall	24/49
• failed extraction via rigid esophagoscopy	3/49
• extraluminal penetration	16/49
• others ND	6/49
Associated clinical manifestations
• abscesses	13/49
• perforation	25/49
• edema of hypopharynx	1/49
• neck swelling	3/49
• dysphagia	6/49
• neck pain	2/49
• mild trismus	1/49
• fever	2/49
• odynophagia	2/49
• precordialgia	1/49
• denture loss	2/49
• cough phlegm	1/49
• dyspnea	1/49
Time since ingestion
• 4.8+1.92 d	5/49
• 4 d	3/49
• <1–5 d	6/49
• others ND	35/49
F.B. size
• 54×36 mm	7/49
• others ND	42/49
F.B. type
• dental prostheses	28/49
• fish bone	5/49
• steel wire	1/49
• fish hook	1/49
• metal beer-bottle cap	1/49
• others ND	13/49

ND – not detectable; F.B. – foreign body; d – days.