Table 4.

Node-splitting results of pain change.

Treatment	Comparison			p
	Direct	Indirect	Network
Control vs. Collar	1.20 (−1.10, 3.50)	−0.61 (−3.80, 2.40)	0.61 (−1.20, 2.30)	0.286
Surgery vs. Collar	−1.90 (−4.50, 0.52)	−0.40 (−3.70, 2.90)	−1.30 (−3.10, 0.58)	0.430
Physiotherapy vs. Control	−0.76 (−2.50, 1.10)	−0.39 (−3.90, 3.20)	−0.78 (−2.30, 0.68)	0.833
Surgery vs. Control	−1.50 (−3.90, 1.00)	−2.40 (−4.80, 0.30)	−1.90 (−3.50, −0.13)	0.580
Surgery vs. Physiotherapy	−1.10 (−3.40, 1.50)	−0.83 (−4.20, 2.40)	−1.10 (−2.80, 0.59)	0.864

Mean difference with 95% credible intervals and p values were used to determine the difference between direct and indirect evidence.