Table 3.

Effect of user fee removal on out‐of‐pocket health expenses

	(1)	(2)	(3)
Ln(oop)	−2.177	−2.258	−2.279
% change compared to 2004	−89%	−90%	−90%
CI	[−1.99, 1.56]	[−1, 1.56]	[−1, 1.56]
N treated	48	49	47
N placebo	18	16	15

Note. Effects of the policy are reported in bold and percentage change are reported in italics. The 90% CI in brackets reports the 5th and 95th percentile of the placebo test distribution. Specification (1) is estimated using all 18 urban districts as control districts. Specification (2) excludes two districts where more than 50% of the population was reported to have benefited from free care in 2006. Specification (3) excludes the previous two districts and a third one where more than 10% of the population sought care in a rural district in 1998.