Table 1.
Overview of studies examining alcohol consumption of AMED and AO consumers
| Study | Year | Country | Design and recall period | Subjects | Between‐groups comparison | Within‐subjects comparison | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O'Brien et al. | 2008 | USA |
Web‐based survey Recall period: Past 30 days |
College students. AO: N = 2.189 AMED: N = 697 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 4.5 (7.0) AMED: 5.8 (4.5) p < .0011 Maximum number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 6.1 (7.0) AMED: 8.3 (5.0) p < .001 |
Not conducted |
BG: AMED > AO |
| Price et al. | 2010 | Canada |
Structured face‐to‐face interviews Recall period: Past week |
Past month ED‐consuming students AMED: N = 10 |
Not conducted |
Past week AMED and AO consumption on an average occasion. AO: 4.7 AMED: 8.6 p = .016 |
WS: AMED > AO |
| Woolsey et al. | 2010 | USA |
Web‐based survey Recall period: Past 12 months |
Student athletes AO: N = 165 AMED: N = 150 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 5.20 (3.91) AMED: 8.40 (5.22) p < .0001 Maximum number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 9.80 (5.84) AMED: 18.35 (10.74) p < .0001 |
N = 123 Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 8.60 (5.14) AMED: 6.28 (4.41) Maximum number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion (past 12 months) AO: 18.23 (10.56) AMED: 10.83 (7.94) |
BG: AMED > AO WS: AMED < AO |
| Brache and Stockwell | 2011 | Canada |
Web‐based survey Recall period: Past 30 days |
University students AO: N = 305 AMED: N = 105 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 3.04 (2.04) AMED: 5.34 (3.52) p < .001 Maximum number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 6.32 (3.93) AMED: 10.42 (5.31) p < .001 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 5.29 (5.91) AMED: 6.5 (3.56) p < .01 |
BG: AMED > AO WS: AMED > AO |
| Penning et al. | 2011 | The Netherlands |
Survey Recall period: Variable |
University students, 20.4 years old AO: N = 480 AMED: N = 24 |
Number of alcoholic drinks the day before latest alcohol hangover: AO: 10.9 (6.1) AMED: 8.5 (4.2) p = .056 |
Not conducted |
BG: AMED = AO |
| De Haan et al. | 2012 | The Netherlands |
Web‐based survey Recall period: 30 days |
University and college students, 18–30 years old AO: N = 3.185 AMED: N = 1.239 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 4.1 (3.1) AMED: 6.0 (3.9) p < .001 Maximum number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion (past 30 days). AO: 7.7 (6.0) AMED:10.7 (6.7) p < .001 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion (past 30 days). AO: 6.0 (3.9) AMED: 5.4 (3.7) p < .001 Maximum number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion (past 30 days). AO: 10.7 (6.8) AMED:4.5 (5.7) p < .001 |
BG: AMED > AO WS: AMED < AO |
| Peacock et al. | 2012 | Australia |
Web‐based survey Recall period: Past 6 months for AMED occasions, past month for AO occasions. |
Convenience sample, 18–35 years old AMED: N = 387 |
Not conducted |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 6.5 (4.8) AMED: 7.1 (5.6) p = .012 |
WS: AMED > AO |
| Lubman et al. | 2013 | Australia |
Web‐based survey (Study A) Recall period: Past 12 months |
Convenience sample, 16–70 years old (mean age 26.5 years) AO: N = 996 AMED: N = 731 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 3.65 (2.84) AMED: 6.67 (3.93) p < .001 |
N = 698 Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 6.7 (4.0) AMED: 6.0 (4.2) p < .001 Maximum number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 14.7 (8.3) AMED: 8.3 (6.7) p < .001 |
BG: AMED > AO WS: AMED < AO |
| Lubman et al. | 2013 | Australia |
On‐premise interviews (Study B) Recall period: Past 12 months and number of drinks consumed on premise on the interview day |
Bar patrons, 16–55 years old (mean age 22.71 years). Past 12 months: AO: 718 AMED: 474 On premise: AO: N = 887 AMED: N = 128 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 7.42 (5.50) AMED:9.54 (5.62) p < .001 Number of alcoholic drinks consumed on premise: AO: 4.76 (5.46) AMED: 5.65 (5.60) p < .01 |
N = 358 Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 9.7 (5.8) AMED: 8.4 (5.9) p < .001 |
BG: AMED > AO WS: AMED < AO |
| Eckschmidt et al. | 2013 | Brazil |
Survey Recall period: Past 12 months and number of drinks consumed on premise on the interview day |
College students AO: N = 4.192 AMED: N = 1.119 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 3.3 (13.2) AMED: 6.1 (13.7) p < .001 |
Not conducted |
BG: AMED > AO |
| Lubman et al. | 2014 | Australia |
On‐premise interview Recall period: Number of drinks consumed on premise on the interview day |
Secondary school completers, 17–18 years old AO: N = 471 AMED: N = 87 |
Number of alcoholic drinks on the night of interview. AO: 8.30 AMED: 11.34 p < .001 |
Not conducted |
BG: AMED > AO |
| Trapp et al. | 2014 | Australia |
Survey Recall period: Not reported |
Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort, 20 years old AO: N = 644 AMED: N = 590 |
Total alcohol intake per day (g/day) AO: 12.1 (15.7) g AMED: 20.3 (19.7) g p < .001 |
Not conducted |
BG: AMED > AO |
| Woolsey, Jacobson, et al. (2015) | 2015 | USA |
Web‐based survey Recall period: Past 30 days, up to 12 months |
University students. AO: N = 174 AMED: N = 107 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 3.35 (2.30) AMED: 5.42 (3.46) p < .0001 Maximum number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion (past 30 days). AO: 4.62 (3.79) AMED: 8.03 (5.84) p < .001 |
Not conducted |
BG: AMED > AO |
| Woolsey, Williams, et al. (2015) | 2015 | USA |
Web‐based survey Recall period: Past 30 days, up to 12 months |
University students AO: N = 281 AMED: N = 268 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO (N = 274): 3.76 (2.58) AMED (N = 266): 5.52 (3.29) p < .001 Maximum number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion (past month). AO (N = 280): 5.14 (3.95) AMED (N = 267): 9.26 (6.14) p < .001 |
Not conducted |
BG: AMED > AO |
| Verster et al. | 2015 | The Netherlands |
On‐premise interview Recall period: Number of drinks consumed on the interview day (at home and on premise) |
Bar patrons, 18–30 years old AO: N = 482 AMED1: N = 185 (consumed AMED that day) AMED2: N = 246 (no AMED consumed that day) |
Number of alcoholic drinks consumed on the day of the interview. AO: 8.8 (5.4) AMED1: 9.4 (6.3) AMED2: 10.1 (6.8) p < .05 |
AMED1: AO: 9.4 (5.9) AMED: 10.1 (6.8) p = .148 AMED2: AO: 9.4 (6.3) AMED: 9.8 (6.0) p = .360 |
BG: AMED > AO WS: AMED = AO |
| Johnson, Alford, Stewart, et al. (2016) | 2016 | UK |
Web‐based survey Recall period: Past 30 days, up to 12 months |
University and college students, 18–30 years old AO: N = 865 AMED: N = 732 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion. AO: 6.4 (4.1) AMED: 8.9 (6.0) p < .05 Maximum number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion (past 30 days). AO: 9.4 (6.4) AMED: 12.8 (8.5) p < .05 |
Typical number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion (past 30 days). AO: 9.0 (6.1) AMED: 6.0 (4.9) p < .001 Maximum number of alcoholic drinks on a single occasion (past 30 days). AO: 12.9 (8.6) AMED: 7.0 (7.9) p < .001 |
BG: AMED > AO WS: AMED < AO |
Note. If available, mean (SD) number of alcoholic drinks are reported and corresponding p‐values. ED = energy drink; AMED = alcohol mixed with energy drink; AO = alcohol only, WS = within‐subject comparison; BG = between‐group comparison.