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. 2018 Jan 30;46(2):195–205. doi: 10.1002/bmb.21108

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© 2018 The Authors Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Cas9 induced double‐strand breaks can be repaired by both nonhomologous end‐joining (NHEJ) or homology‐directed repair (HDR). (A) sequence of a targeted genomic locus in relation to the PAM (5′‐NGG‐3′) site. (B) Cartoon representation of crRNA, tracrRNA, and Cas9 protein assembly. (C) NHEJ results in random insertions, deletions, and indels. (D) HDR results in precise researcher‐designed edits. To achieve HDR, the researcher also introduces a repair template that contains the desired edit in which the HDR repair machinery of the cell uses to repair the induced double strand break.