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. 2018 Feb 13;123(1):28–42. doi: 10.1080/03009734.2018.1431744

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Immunofluorescent staining for C1q (red) and the microglial marker ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1, green) in retinal tissue and ARPE cells. The non-cultured control retina (A) is counterstained with DAPI, and the nuclear layers are indicated: outer, inner, and inner ganglion cell layer (ONL, INL, and GCL), respectively, as well as the outer plexiform layer (OPL). C1q is not shown in non-cultured control retinal cells (A). Resident microglial cells (A) located in the inner retinal tissue (indicated by arrows) and microglial protrusions extend all the way to the OPL (indicated by arrows in the OPL) in the non-cultured control tissue. After 3 days in culture the migrating and active amoeboid-like microglial cells (indicated by arrows) become sparsely C1q-expressing (indicated by *). After 5 days in culture, active microglial cells start to migrate even more, through the OPL and into the outer retinal tissue (D–F). Active microglial cells in retinal tissue cultured for 5 days (D and F) are double-labeled with anti-C1q. There seem to be more active and C1q-positive microglial cells (indicated by *) in the cultured specimens (D, F) than in the co-cultured specimens (E) after 5 days. Scale bars, 20 μM.