Table 1.
Participant and intervention characteristics of included studies.
| Reference | Population | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Duration (weeks)/sessions | HIIT/SIT protocol | MICT protocol | CON | Energy intake method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ruffino et al. [47] | Male T2DM inactive | 55 | 30.6 | 8/24 HIIT and 40 MICT | SIT: n=16; cycling, supervised ∼2 × 30 sec (all-out sprint) with 4 min active recovery. Total duration = ∼10 min | n=16; cycling, supervised continuous (40–55% HRR). Total duration = 30 min | N/A | 3-day food diary |
| Higgins et al. [51] | Female healthy inactive | 20 | 30.3 | 6/18 | SIT: n=29; cycling, supervised ∼5–7 × 30 sec (all-out sprint) with 4 min active recovery. Total duration = ∼25–38 min | n=23; cycling, supervised continuous (60–70% HRR). Total duration = 20–30 min | N/A | 24-hour recalls (3 days, automated) |
| Sim et al. [26] | Male healthy inactive | 30 | 27.2 | 12/36 | SIT: n=12; cycling, supervised 10 × 15 sec (170% VO2peak) with 60 sec active recovery (30% VO2peak). Total duration = 30–45 min | n=12; cycling, supervised continuous (60% VO2peak). Total duration = 30–45 min | n=10 | 2-day food diary |
| Keating et al. [19] | Male/female healthy inactive | 43 | 28.3 | 12/36 | SIT: n=13; cycling, supervised 6 × 30–60 sec (120% VO2peak) with 2-3 min active recovery. Total duration = 20–24 min | n=13; cycling, supervised continuous (50–65% VO2peak). Total duration = 36–48 min | n=12 | 3-day food diary |
| Kong et al. [52] | Female healthy inactive | 20 | 25.7 | 5/20 | HIIT: n=10; cycling 60 × 8 sec (90% VO2max) with 12 sec active recovery. Total duration = ∼20 min | n=8; cycling continuous (65% VO2peak). Total duration = 40 min | N/A | 3-day food diary |
| Martins et al. [46] | Male/female healthy inactive | 34 | 33.3 | 12/36 | HIIT: n=16; cycling, supervised ∼60 × 8 sec (85–90% VO2max) with 12 sec passive rest. Total duration = 20 min | n=14; cycling, supervised continuous (70% VO2peak). Total duration = 32 min | N/A | 3-day food diary |
| Panissa et al. [24] | Female healthy untrained | 28 | 24.6 | 6/18 | HIIT: n=11; unknown mode, supervised 15 × 1 min (90% HRmax) with 30 sec active recovery (60% HRmax). Total duration = 22 min | n=11; unknown mode, supervised continuous (70% HRmax). Total duration = 29 min | N/A | 3-day food diary |
| Matsuo et al. [23] | Male metabolic syndrome inactive | 48 | 27.6 | 8/24 | HIIT: n=13; cycling, supervised 3 × 3 min (85% VO2peak) with 2 min active recovery (50% VO2peak). Total duration = 18 min | n=13; cycling, supervised continuous (65% VO2peak). Total duration = 45 min | N/A | 3-day food diary (weighed) |
| Sasaki et al. [21] | Male healthy inactive | NR | 23.9 | 4/12 | HIIT: n=12; cycling 10 × 1 min (85% VO2max) with 30 sec passive rest. Total duration = 14 min | n=12; cycling continuous (45% VO2peak). Total duration = 22 min | N/A | Self-administered diet history questionnaire |
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| Earnest et al. [17] | Male metabolic syndrome inactive | 48 | 30.9 | 6/18 | HIIT: n=21; treadmill, supervised 8 × 2 min (90–95% VO2max) with 2 min active recovery (50% VO2max). Total duration = 12 kcal/kg/week | n=16; treadmill, supervised continuous (50–70% VO2max). Total duration = 12 kcal/kg/week | N/A | Food frequency questionnaire |
| Eimarieskandari et al. [20] | Female healthy inactive | 22 | 29.6 | 8/24 | HIIT: n=7; treadmill 4 × 4 min (85–95% HRpeak) with 3 min active recovery (50–70% HR2peak). Total duration = 33 min | n=7; treadmill continuous (50–70% HRpeak). Total duration = 36–41 min | N/A | 7-day diet questionnaire |
| Wallman et al. [54] | Male/female healthy inactive | 42 | 30.5 | 8/32 | HIIT: n=8; cycling, supervised 10 × 60 sec (90% VO2peak) with 2 min active recovery (30% VO2peak). Total duration = 30 min | n=8; cycling, supervised continuous (50–65% VO2peak). Total duration = 30 min | n=8 | 7-day food diary |
| Trapp et al. [18] | Female healthy inactive | 20 | 23.2 | 15/45 | HIIT: n=15; cycling 60 × 8 sec (85% VO2max) with 12 sec active recovery. Total duration = 20 min | n=15; cycling continuous (60% VO2peak). Total duration = 40 min | n=15 | 3-day food diary |
| Heydari et al. [50] | Male healthy inactive | 25 | 29.0 | 12/36 | HIIT: n=20; cycling, supervised 60 × 8 sec (85–90% HRpeak) with 12 sec active recovery. Total duration = 20 min | N/A | n=18 | 3-day food diary |
| Stensvold et al. [49] | Male/female metabolic syndrome inactive | 50 | 31.8 | 12/36 | HIIT: n=11; treadmill, supervised 4 × 4 min (90–95% HRpeak) with 3 min active recovery (70% HRpeak). Total duration = 43 min | N/A | n=10 | Food frequency questionnaire |
| Walter et al. [53] | Female healthy active | 22 | 23.6 | 6/18 | HIIT: n=19; cycling, supervised 5 × 2 min (90–100% HRmax) with 1 min passive rest. Total duration = 19 min | N/A | n=11 | 24-hour recalls (3 days, manual) |
BMI: body mass index; HIIT: high-intensity interval training; SIT: sprint interval training; HRpeak: peak heart rate; VO2peak: peak oxygen consumption; MICT: moderate-intensity continuous training; CON: control.