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Clinical outcomes of patients who underwent lumbar PEN. VAS, ODI, and SF-12 scores before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after lumbar PEN. All postprocedural clinical scores have significantly improved compared with preprocedural scores (P < 0.001). VAS: visual analog scale, ODI: Oswestry Disability Index, SF-12: 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, and PEN: percutaneous epidural neuroplasty.
