Table 2.

Clinical outcomes of patients with limited intracanal contrast spread (IC group) and those with extended extraforaminal contrast spread (EC group) on postadhesiolysis epidurograms obtained during lumbar percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN).

		VAS score for back pain	VAS score for leg pain	ODI score	SF-12 score
Before PEN	IC group	5.7 ± 2.6	4.7 ± 3.1	20.0 ± 6.9	29.6 ± 7.0
	EF group	6.0 ± 2.4	6.0 ± 2.8	17.8 ± 7.1	31.0 ± 7.7
	P value	0.639	0.101	0.222	0.452
1 month after PEN	IC group	2.9 ± 2.3	2.0 ± 2.1	12.1 ± 8.4	40.3 ± 10.2
	EF group	1.9 ± 2.1	1.7 ± 1.8	6.7 ± 5.6	45.7 ± 8.5
	P value	0.076	0.532	0.007	0.023
3 months after PEN	IC group	3.3 ± 2.2	2.6 ± 2.2	13.0 ± 7.6	39.4 ± 9.6
	EF group	2.7 ± 2.1	2.6 ± 1.9	8.5 ± 5.5	43.4 ± 8.7
	P value	0.317	0.924	0.015	0.043
6 months after PEN	IC group	3.3 ± 2.0	2.7 ± 2.3	12.6 ± 7.6	39.4 ± 9.4
	EF group	2.2 ± 2.0	2.2 ± 2.1	7.1 ± 4.8	46.0 ± 6.9
	P value	0.032	0.372	0.002	0.007
12 months after PEN	IC group	3.7 ± 2.4	2.9 ± 2.5	12.6 ± 8.2	39.3 ± 10.3
	EF group	2.7 ± 2.6	2.2 ± 2.7	7.0 ± 6.0	46.1 ± 8.3
	P value	0.087	0.274	0.005	0.007

VAS: visual analog scale; ODI: Oswestry Disability Index; SF-12: 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey.