Table 4.
Days in Lwak Mission Hospital and Siaya District Hospital Predicted by Infection Type and Covariates in Univariate and Multivariate Linear Regression Models for Children Aged 0–23 Months and Aged 24–59 Months, Rural Western Kenya, 2009–2011
| Days in Lwak Mission Hospital | Days in Siaya District Hospital | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariatea β (95% CI) |
Multivariateb β (95% CI) |
Univariatea β (95% CI) |
Multivariateb β (95% CI) |
|
| Aged 0–23 mo | ||||
| Infection | ||||
| Influenza and malaria | −0.76 (−1.74, .23) | −0.59 (−1.59, .43) | 0.04 (−.93, .99) | 0.13 (−1.05, .88) |
| Influenza only | 1.09* (.20, 1.98) | 0.90* (.01, 1.72) | 0.18 (−.57, .93) | −0.12 (−.88, .64) |
| Malaria only | −0.40 (−.86, .06) | −0.10 (−.50, −.06) | −0.60*** (−.90, −.30) | −0.50*** (−.81, −.18) |
| Neither infection (referent) | 0.28 (−.18, .74) | 0.56*** (.26, .87) | ||
| Covariates | ||||
| Age in mo | −0.04* (−.08, −.00) | −0.03* (−.06, −.01) | ||
| Days since illness onset | 0.09 (−.06, .25) | 0.15*** (.08, .21) | 0.13*** (.07, .20) | |
| Other clinical predictors | ||||
| Temperature (°C) | −0.33*** (−.52, −.13) | −0.30** (−.05, −.07) | 0.10 (−.04, .23) | |
| Respiration (per min) | 0.02 (−.01, .04) | 0.01 (−.00, .02) | ||
| Oxygen saturation | −0.01 (−.05, .02) | −0.05** (−.04, −.00) | ||
| Cough | −0.74* (−1.49, .17) | 0.36 (−.17, .89) | ||
| Respiratory distress | 0.59* (.10, 1.02) | 0.32* (−.01, .62) | ||
| Convulsion | −0.29 (−.81, .23) | −1.18** (−1.92, −.43) | −0.93** (−1.67, −.19) | |
| Anemia clinical diagnosis | −0.12 (−.74, .50) | −0.11 (−.45, .23) | ||
| Pneumonia clinical diagnosis | 0.58** (.14, 1.05) | 0.48*** (.18, .78) | 0.38** (.08, .68) | |
| HIVc | ||||
| Tested and positive | … | 0.99* (.03, 1.94) | ||
| Not tested | … | −0.19 (−.49, .11) | ||
| Aged 24–59 mo | ||||
| Infection | ||||
| Influenza and malaria | 1.09** (.23, 1.85) | 1.15** (.34, 1.96) | 2.76*** (1.45, 4.07) | 2.98*** (1.51, 4.45) |
| Influenza only | −0.99* (−2.02, −.16) | −1.58** (−2.62, −.43) | 0.24 (−.73, 1.22) | 0.20 (−1.24, 1.63) |
| Malaria only | −0.32 (−.81, .16) | −0.11 (−.66, .43) | −0.45* (−.86, −.04) | −0.09 (−.65, .46) |
| Neither infection (referent) | 0.23 (−.33, .79) | 0.15 (−.27, .57) | ||
| Covariates | ||||
| Age in mo | −0.00 (−.02. .02) | −0.01 (−.03, .02) | ||
| Days since illness onset | 0.07 (−.09, .23) | 0.05 (−.03, .13) | ||
| Other clinical predictors | ||||
| Temperature | 0.04 (−.16, .25) | 0.05 (−.12, .23) | ||
| Respiration | 0.00 (−.013, .03) | 0.00 (−.01, .02) | ||
| Oxygen saturation | −0.07** (−.13, −.02) | −0.08 (−.13, −.02) | −0.07*** (−.10, −.03) | −0.07*** (−.12, −.02) |
| Cough | −0.15 (−1.04, −.74) | −0.40 (−1.09, .30) | ||
| Respiratory distress | 0.69* (.98, 1.10) | 0.30 (−.11, .70) | ||
| Convulsion | 0.02 (−.46, .50) | −0.17 (−.93, .58) | ||
| Anemia clinical diagnosis | 0.02 (−.58, .61) | 0.19 (−.25, .64) | ||
| Pneumonia clinical diagnosis | 0.52* (−.01, 1.05) | 0.63* (.09, 1.18) | 0.27 (−.19, .73) | |
| HIVc | ||||
| Tested and positive | … | 1.28** (.43, 2.14) | 1.26** (.43, 2.09) | |
| Not tested | … | −0.11 (−.52, .30) | ||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
Days in hospital (unstandardized) regressed on each infection category (rows) as dummy variables and covariates separately with linear regression.
Days in hospital (unstandardized) regressed on infection category dummy variables and covariates, simultaneously, with stepwise backward elimination of nonsignificant covariate effects.
HIV test results were available for a subset of Siaya inpatients only; the 2 dichotomous variables represent 3 potential categories: (1) tested and positive, (2) tested and negative, and (3) not tested.
P < .05.
P < .01.
P < .001.