Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population according to glucose metabolism status
| NGM n = 785 (52.3%) |
IGM n = 716 (47.7%) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Demographical | 377 (48.0) | 428 (59.8)** |
| Male sex, n (%) | ||
| Age, (years) | 66.0 (61.0, 71.0) | 66.0 (62.0, 71.0)* |
| Employment, n(%)a | 330 (42.0) | 256 (35.8)* |
| Behavioral | 120 (15.4) | 120 (16.9)* |
| Smoking, n(% yes) | ||
| Alcohol consumption, (units/week) | 6.0 (3.0, 12.0) | 8.0 (3.0, 16.0)** |
| Clinical measures | ||
| Weight, (kg) | 75.1 (66.1, 84.5) | 83.2 (73.5, 93.0)** |
| Body mass index, (kg/m2) | 25.7 (23.3, 28.4) | 28.1 (25.5, 31.1)** |
| Waist circumference, (cm) | 91.5 (83.3, 99.7) | 100.5 (91.2, 108.2)** |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, (mmHg) | 130 (118, 141) | 135 (124, 146)** |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, (mmHg) | 80 (73, 86) | 83 (76, 90)** |
| Total Cholesterol, (mmol/l) | 5.4 (4.8, 6.2) | 5.3 (4.7, 6.0)** |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol, (mmol/l) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7)** |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, (mmol/l) | 3.3 (2.6, 4.0) | 3.2 (2.6, 3.8)* |
| Triacylglycerol, (mmol/l) | 0.96 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6)** |
| Fasting plasma glucose, (mmol/l) | 5.5 (5.3, 5.8) | 6.4 (6.2, 6.8)** |
| 2 h plasma glucose, (mmol/l) | 5.5 (4.7, 6.4) | 8.0 (6.5, 9.5)** |
| HbA1c, (mmol/mol) | 38 (36, 40) | 40 (38, 42)** |
| HbA1c, (%) | 5.6 (5.4, 5.8) | 5.8 (5.6, 6.0)** |
| Medication use | ||
| Any antihypertensive drug, n(%) | 266 (34.1) | 356 (49.9)** |
| Any lipid lowering drug, n(%) | 169 (21.6) | 219 (30.7)** |
| Physical activity behavior | ||
| Wear time, (days) | 6.9 (6.3, 7.1) | 6.9 (6.4, 7.1) |
| PAL | 1.53 (1.41, 1.66) | 1.50 (1.39, 1.64)** |
| Physical activity energy expenditure, (kJ/kg/day) | 31.6 (22.9, 42.9) | 28.8 (20.9, 39.5)** |
| Light intensity physical activity, (h/day) | 4.7 (3.7, 6.0) | 4.4 (3.2, 5.7)** |
| MVPA, (min/day) | 48.0 (24.0, 84.0) | 42.0 (18.0, 78.0)* |
| MVPA in bouts >10 min, (min/day) | 8.7 (1.4, 25.3) | 6.4 (0.0, 19.2)** |
| MVPA guidelines ≥ 30 min/day, n(%) | 475 (60.5) | 407 (56.8)* |
| MVPA guidelines ≥ 30 min in bouts >10 min/day, n(%) | 166 (21.2) | 113 (15.9)* |
| Vigorous physical activity, (min/day) | 0.3 (0.0, 2.5) | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0)* |
| Awake sedentary time, (h/day) | 12.1 (10.5, 13.5) | 12.6 (10.8, 14.2)** |
| Sleep, (h/day) | 6.7 (6.2, 7.1) | 6.6 (6.2, 6.9)** |
Data are median (IQR) or n (%).
a
Employed includes the self-employed. Out of work includes the unemployed, housewives, retired individuals and individuals receiving government provisions.
NGM: normal glucose metabolism; IGM: impaired glucose metabolism; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c; MVPA: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; PAL: physical activity level
* for p-value < 0.05 and ** for < 0.01.