Table 1.

Demographics. SAPS/SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms (Andreasen, 1983a, b); CPZ, chlorpromazine equivalents, PANSS, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (Kay et al., 1987). No subjects met criteria for current alcohol/drug use or dependence. CPZ equivalents were calculated using recently revised approaches (Andreasen et al., 2010) with 23/27 patients receiving medication. Of note, the SAPS and PANSS Positive scores of patients were highly correlated at r = 0.68, t (23) = 4.396, p < 0.001, 2-tailed, and the SANS and PANSS Negative Scores were correlated at r = 0.78, t (23) = 5.962, p < 0.001, 2-tailed, illustrating the high consistency of clinical ratings across instruments measuring similar clinical constructs.

Demographic characteristic	Controls (N = 28)		Patients (N = 27)		Between-group statistic
	M	SD	M	SD	T value/Chi-Square	P Value (2-tailed)
Age (in years)	25.38	2.82	28.44	7.86	1.915	0.064
Gender (% male)	71	n/a	89	n/a	1.641	0.200
Paternal education (in years)	15.29	3.69	13.44	3.18	−1.956	0.056
Maternal education (in years)	15.14	3.02	13.92	2.78	−1.525	0.134
Paternal SES	31.79	11.64	24.78	14.18	−1.900	0.064
Maternal SES	26.25	12.07	23.13	13.29	−0.869	0.389
Subject’s education (in years)	16.54	2.22	13.22	2.15	−5.619	0.000
Handedness (% right)	93	n/a	82	n/a	0.741	0.389
WRAT-3	51.75	5.30	47.32	5.72	−2.913	0.005
IQ Verbal	121.93	16.11	101.25	19.24	−4.162	0.000
IQ Non-verbal (Matrix)	115.36	12.39	99.40	14.53	−4.276	0.000
Medication (CPZ equivalents)	n/a	n/a	310.58	172.19	n/a	n/a
PANSS Positive	7.64	0.62	20.36	4.64	13.582	0.000
PANSS Negative	8.18	0.9	21.56	6.02	11.001	0.000
PANSS General	16.75	1.08	39.44	7.37	15.257	0.000
Mean SAPS Global Item Score	0.02	0.07	2.19	0.97	11.216	0.000
Mean SANS Global Item Score	0.19	0.25	2.85	0.86	14.917	0.000
Disorganization	0.25	0.44	6.48	2.58	11.902	0.000
Poverty	0.57	1.03	11.8	3.54	15.306	0.000
Reality Distortion	0.04	0.19	4.76	2.65	8.893	0.000