Table 3.
Comparison of mean manic scores in Depressed Offspring of Bipolar Parents with and Depressed Offspring of Community Control Parents
| Depressed Offspring of BP Parents N=61 |
Depressed Offspring of Control Parents N=20 |
Statistics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manic symptoms | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | χ2 | P-values | Adjusted P-values¥ |
FDR | ORs | 95% CI |
| Elation | 1.43 (0.8) | 1 (0) | 11.05 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Irritability/anger | 1.69 (1.1) | 1.10 (0.4) | 6.96 | 0.008 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 6 | (0.7–51) |
| Decreased sleep | 1.28 (0.7) | 1.30 (1.1) | 0.29 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.67 | 1.6 | (0.3–9.2) |
| Energetic | 1.43 (0.8) | 1.25 (0.9) | 2.38 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.40 | 3.2 | (0.6–16.5) |
| Goal directed activity | 1.11 (0.4) | 1.10 (0.3) | 0 | 1 | 0.29 | 0.51 | 0.33 | (0.1–2.3) |
| Motor hyperactivity | 1.57 (1) | 1.30 (1) | 3.06 | 0.08 | 0.42 | 0.51 | 2 | (0.4–10.7) |
| Grandiosity | 1.11 (0.4) | 1 (0) | 3.56 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pressured speech | 1.38 (0.8) | 1.15 (0.4) | 0.82 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.51 | 1.9 | (0.4–8) |
| Racing thoughts | 1.54 (1) | 1.10 (0.3) | 4.05 | 0.04 | 0.008 | 0.11 | 7.6 | (1.3–44) |
| Flight of ideas | 1.30 (0.6) | 1.20 (0.7) | 1.59 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.51 | 2.4 | (0.4–13.5) |
| Poor judgment | 1.57 (1.2) | 1.25 (0.9) | 1.77 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.41 | 3 | (0.6–16.4) |
| Inappropriate laughing | 1.25 (0.6) | 1 (0) | 6.79 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Uninhibited people seeking | 1.11 (0.3) | 1.25 (0.6) | 0.3 | 0.58 | 0.25 | 0.51 | 0.4 | (0.1–2) |
| Increased productivity | 1.16 (0.5) | 1.10 (0.4) | 1.05 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.51 | 3.3 | (0.3–32.4) |
| Sharpened thinking | 1.23 (0.6) | 1.05 (0.2) | 1.65 | 0.20 | 0.38 | 0.51 | 2.4 | (0.3–22.1) |
| Hypersexuality | 1.15 (0.5) | 1.25 (0.8) | 0.09 | 0.76 | 0.31 | 0.51 | 0.3 | (0.04–2.8) |
| Distractibility | 1.89 (1.1) | 1.50 (0.9) | 2.41 | 0.12 | 0.43 | 0.51 | 1.6 | (0.5–4.8) |
| Hallucinations | 1.15 (0.5) | 1.05 (0.2) | 0.28 | 0.60 | 0.76 | 0.76 | 1.4 | (0.1–15.1) |
| Delusions | 1.05 (0.3) | 1.05 (0.2) | 0.11 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.7 | (0.1–7.7) |
| Sentence incoherence | 1.03 (0.3) | 1 (0) | 0.57 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Thought derailment | 1.03 (0.3) | 1 (0) | 0.57 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Mood lability | 1.74 (1.2) | 1.15 (0.5) | 5.87 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 6.3 | (1.2–33.4) |
| All manic symptoms | 6.05 (6.2) | 2.45 (4.3) | 5.80 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.11 | - | - |
Manic symptoms were recorded on Mania Rating Scale (MRS) (43) derived from the K-SADS-P (38). K-SADS-MRS also measures psychotic symptoms.
¥
Adjusted for significant between-group demographic differences (e.g., parental SES, living with biological parents, and gender of offspring). After adjusting for between group demographic differences, multiple comparisons were corrected using False Discovery Rate (FDR). ORs=Odds Ratios. C.I: confident intervals