Table 2.
Pre-procedure clinical characteristics, post-procedure ejection fraction, length of stay, complications and mortality for retrospectively studied high-risk (n=427) vs. low-risk (n=540) STEMI patients, prospectively studied high-risk (n=176) vs. low risk (n=286) STEMI patients and prospectively studied on protocol low-risk (n=177) vs. off protocol low-risk (n=109) STEMI patients.
| Retrospective Analysis | Prospective Patients | Prospective Low-Risk Patients | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-Risk n=540 | High-Risk n=427 | P-value | Low-Risk n=286 | High-Risk n=176 | P-value | On Protocol (n=177) | Off Protocol (n=109) | P-Value | |
| Age (Years), mean(SD) | 57.2 ± 12.8 | 69.8 ± 12.3 | <0.001 | 61.8 ± 13.4 | 66.3 ± 12.3 | <0.001 | 61.4 ± 12.4 | 62.5 ± 15.0 | 0.47 |
| Males, (%) | 398 (73.8) | 293 (68.6) | 0.074 | 210 (73.4) | 121 (68.8) | 0.28 | 133 (75.1) | 77 (70.6) | 0.40 |
| Hypertension, (%) | 308 (57.1) | 278 (66.0) | 0.005 | 151 (53.0) | 105 (61.1) | 0.092 | 90 (50.9) | 61 (56.5) | 0.36 |
| Dyslipidemia, (%) | 298 (55.8) | 257 (61.3) | 0.086 | 166 (58.5) | 101 (58.7) | 0.96 | 100 (56.8) | 66 (61.1) | 0.48 |
| Diabetes, (%) | 97 (18.0) | 98 (23.1) | 0.052 | 53 (18.6) | 44 (25.6) | 0.077 | 29 (16.4) | 24 (22.2) | 0.22 |
| History of Smoking, (%) | 329 (61.0) | 213 (50.6) | 0.001 | 196 (68.8) | 107 (61.5) | 0.11 | 121 (68.8) | 75 (68.8) | 0.99 |
| Current Smoker, (%) | 221 (67.2) | 98 (46.0) | <0.001 | 105 (36.8) | 55 (31.6) | 0.25 | 68 (38.6) | 37 (33.9) | 0.43 |
| History of CAD, (%) | 152 (28.2) | 161 (37.8) | 0.002 | 79 (27.7) | 51 (29.3) | 0.71 | 46 (26.0) | 33 (30.6) | 0.40 |
| Previous PCI, (%) | 103 (19.1) | 111 (26.2) | 0.009 | 63 (22.2) | 34 (19.5) | 0.50 | 39 (22.2) | 24 (22.2) | 0.99 |
| Previous MI, (%) | 102 (18.9) | 100 (23.7) | 0.072 | 56 (19.8) | 36 (20.8) | 0.79 | 35 (19.9) | 21 (19.6) | 0.96 |
| Previous CABG, (%) | 27 (5.0) | 49 (11.5) | <0.001 | 15 (5.3) | 11 (6.3) | 0.63 | 7 (4.0) | 8 (7.4) | 0.21 |
| Cardiac Arrest, (%) | 27 (5.0) | 64 (15.0) | <0.001 | 0 (0) | 59 (33.5) | <0.001 | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| Cardiogenic Shock, (%) | 2 (0.4) | 63 (15.1) | <0.001 | 0 (0) | 21 (11.9) | <0.001 | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| Killip Class 0-1, (%) 2-4, (%) |
538 (100) 0 (0) |
308 (72.1) 119 (27.9) |
<0.001 |
286 (100) 0 (0) |
132 (75.0) 44 (25.0) |
<0.001 |
----- | ----- | ----- |
| Ejection Fraction, mean(SD) | 50.7 ± 12.7 | 43.0 ± 13.6 | <0.001 | 54.0 ± 10.6 | 45.3 ± 15.5 | <0.001 | 55.6 ± 9.7 | 51.3 ± 11.5 | <0.001 |
| Median LOS, (25th, 75th percentile) | 2 (2, 4) | 3 (2, 6) | <0.001 | 2 (2, 3) | 3 (2, 6) | <0.001 | 2 (1, 2) | 2 (2, 3) | <0.001 |
| Zwolle Risk Score, mean (SD) | 1.87 ± 0.98 | 6.33 ± 3.62 | <0.001 | 1.78 ± 1.14 | 4.93 ± 3.75 | <0.001 | 1.77 ± 1.20 | 1.80 ± 1.04 | 0.86 |
| In-Hospital Death, (%) | 0 (0) | 51 (12.0) | <0.001 | 1 (0.4) | 22 (12.5) | <0.001 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) | 0.38 |
| 30 Day Outcomes | |||||||||
| MI, (%) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.5) | 1.00 | 1 (0.4) | 2 (1.1) | 0.56 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) | 0.38 |
| Stroke, (%) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.9) | 0.18 | 1 (0.4) | 2 (1.1) | 0.56 | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Death, (%) | 1 (0.2) | 55 (12.9) | <0.001 | 4 (1.4) | 27 (15.3) | <0.001 | 1 (0.6) | 3 (2.8) | 0.16 |
| MACE, (%) | 5 (0.9) | 59 (13.8) | <0.001 | 5 (1.8) | 30 (17.1) | <0.001 | 2 (1.1) | 3 (2.8) | 0.37 |
| 1 Year Outcomes | |||||||||
| MI, (%) | 4 (0.7) | 4 (0.9) | 0.74 | 7 (2.5) | 3 (1.7) | 0.75 | 2 (1.1) | 5 (4.6) | 0.11 |
| Stroke, (%) | 2 (0.4) | 4 (0.9) | 0.41 | 1 (0.4) | 2 (1.1) | 0.56 | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
| Death, (%) | 21 (3.9) | 70 (16.4) | <0.001 | 11 (3.9) | 30 (17.1) | <0.001 | 4 (2.3) | 7 (6.4) | 0.075 |
| MACE, (%) | 27 (5.0) | 76 (17.8) | <0.001 | 17 (5.9) | 34 (19.3) | <0.001 | 7 (4.0) | 10 (9.2) | 0.077 |