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Secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines in MSCs. MSCs were cultured for 48 hours in the presence or absence of 10 ng/mL IFN-γ. Culture supernatants were subjected to ELISA for (a) TGF-β1 and (b) HGF using commercial ELISA kits. All experiments were performed three times, and duplicated samples from each experiment were measured. The graph shows the means and SEMs. p values were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. ∗ p < 0.05 and ∗∗ p < 0.01.
