Table 1.
Characteristics of participating centers
| Characteristics | All centers (N, %) |
|---|---|
| Type of hospital | 94 (100) |
| University hospital | 52 (55.3) |
| Education and research hospitala | 24 (25.5) |
| State hospital | 10 (10.6) |
| Private hospital | 8 (8.5) |
| Specialty of ICU head | 132 (100) |
| Intensivist | 66 (50) |
| Anesthesiologist | 46 (34.1) |
| Surgeon | 8 (6) |
| Internist | 5(3.7) |
| Neurologist | 3 (2.2) |
| Pulmonologist | 3 (2.2) |
| Interdisciplinary | 1 (0.7) |
| Type of ICU | 132 (100) |
| Mixed medical/surgical | 94 (71.2) |
| Surgical | 19 (14.3) |
| Medical | 16 (12.1) |
| Neurological | 3 (2.2) |
| Nurse-to-patient ratio | 132 (100) |
| 1:2 | 48 (36.3) |
| 1:3 | 59 (44.6) |
| 1:4 | 25 (18.9) |
| The average percent (±SD), and CI 95% of ICU bed occupancy | 92.7% ± 11.4% (91.5-93.0) |
ICU intensive care unit, SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval
aEducation and research hospitals are different from university hospitals, because they conduct postgraduate medical education and research. The former only provides specialty training (i.e., doctors who specialize after graduating from a medical faculty), whereas the latter provides specialty and medical training concurrently