Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of STAI, SF-36, and HRV before and after qigong exercise.
| Variables | Before | After |
p value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| STAI-S | 32.91 | 8.40 | 28.44 | 7.26 | <0.001∗ |
| STAI-T | 36.60 | 9.21 | 33.80 | 9.52 | 0.001∗ |
| SF-36 | |||||
| Total score | 116.58 | 15.50 | 117.18 | 17.11 | 0.460 |
| Physical score | 58.93 | 8.16 | 58.49 | 8.91 | 0.430 |
| Mental score | 54.76 | 8.48 | 55.64 | 0.15 | 0.098 |
| HRV | |||||
| RR interval (ms) | 848.22 | 161.75 | 809.64 | 158.02 | 0.035∗ |
| HF | 847.51 | 2754.66 | 1101.3 | 3256.69 | 0.39 |
| LF | 572.36 | 1606.11 | 560.05 | 1510.56 | 0.84 |
| HF Ln | 4.6 | 1.78 | 4.47 | 1.99 | 0.28 |
| LF Ln | 4.84 | 1.57 | 4.77 | 1.54 | 0.43 |
STAI: state-trait anxiety inventory; SF-36: short form 36; HRV: heart rate variability; HF: high frequency; LF: lower frequency; HF Ln: normalized high frequency; LF Ln: normalized lower frequency. ∗Significant differences between before and after a qigong exercise.