Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants receiving JTTZ formula and metformin.
| Characteristics | JTTZ group (n = 215) | MET group (n = 199) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|
| General information | |||
| Age (years) | 52.82 ± 9.01 | 52.90 ± 8.52 | 0.922 |
| Sex (male/female) | 104/111 | 98/101 | 0.859 |
| Past medical history (no/yes) | 77/138 | 83/116 | 0.218 |
| Current medications (no/yes) | 125/90 | 128/71 | 0.197 |
| Physical examinations | |||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 129.55 ± 12.36 | 131.11 ± 11.95 | 0.196 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 82.80 ± 8.03 | 82.62 ± 8.24 | 0.823 |
| Heart rate (beat/min) | 74.80 ± 8.47 | 73.31 ± 7.84 | 0.064 |
| Height (cm) | 165.81 ± 8.24 | 165.41 ± 8.80 | 0.638 |
| Weight (kg) | 77.82 ± 12.08 | 76.86 ± 12.06 | 0.421 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.24 ± 3.31 | 28.01 ± 3.22 | 0.485 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.25 ± 8.09 | 97.47 ± 9.24 | 0.800 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 105.05 ± 7.14 | 105.31 ± 7.36 | 0.717 |
| Efficacy indicators | |||
| HbA1c (%) | 8.26 ± 1.35 | 8.28 ± 1.33 | 0.908 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 9.64 ± 2.59 | 9.56 ± 2.39 | 0.744 |
| 2 h PG (mmol/L) | 16.76 ± 4.93 | 17.00 ± 4.72 | 0.610 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 103.89 ± 97.73 | 100.88 ± 131.62 | 0.796 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.46 ± 1.24 | 5.56 ± 1.36 | 0.412 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 3.43 ± 2.83 | 3.18 ± 2.14 | 0.321 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.21 ± 0.96 | 3.29 ± 0.90 | 0.429 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.58 ± 0.72 | 1.5 ± 0.75 | 0.286 |
| HOMA-β | 3.73 ± 0.76 | 3.63 ± 0.78 | 0.176 |
| Cardinal symptoms | |||
| Total symptom points | 11.03 ± 4.93 | 10.78 ± 4.63 | 0.598 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation. Current medications: participants were taking or not taking other medications during the study period; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 2 h PG: 2 h postprandial plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: insulin resistance index; HOMA-β: β cell function index.