Figure 2.

Intracellular organelles and membrane contacts facilitating autophagosome formation. (A) The major organelles required for the secretory pathway (ER, Golgi) and endocytosis (sorting endosome, recycling endosome) implicated in membrane contribution to phagophore formation. For simplicity not all ER-Golgi associated compartments (ERES, ERGIC, COP vesicles) are shown. Likewise not all endocytic-associated compartments (early endosome, late endosome, lysosome) are shown. (B) Membrane contact sites proposed or potentially implicated in phagophore expansion. The MAMs (mitochondria-associated membranes) are illustrated by contact of the phagophore with the mitochondria.