Table 2.
Frequency of Non-pharmacologic Pain Treatment (NPT) Use and Correlations with Helpfulness
| % who used NPT | % who perceived NPT as helpful | Pearson correlation | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinician-directed NPT | ||||
| Physical therapy | 26 | 60 | 0.03 | 0.77 |
| Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | 23 | 55 | 0.28 | < 0.01 |
| Chiropractic | 11 | 75 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
| Acupuncture | 8 | 53 | 0.17 | 0.30 |
| Group pain management classes | 4 | 79 | − 0.07 | 0.79 |
| Massage | 24 | 74 | 0.16 | 0.07 |
| Self-directed NPT | ||||
| Herbal medicines | 13 | 51 | 0.29 | 0.02 |
| Weight/strength training | 25 | 57 | 0.41 | < 0.001 |
| Yoga | 10 | 60 | 0.15 | 0.28 |
| Tai Chi | 4 | 53 | 0.33 | 0.17 |
| Pool exercises/swimming | 19 | 72 | 0.27 | 0.01 |
Helpfulness was rated on a seven-point Likert scale (where 0 = not at all helpful and 6 = extremely helpful)