. 2018 Apr 9;33(Suppl 1):61–70. doi: 10.1007/s11606-018-4327-8

Table 3.

Overview of Included Studies

Author year	Scales evaluated	Study characteristics
		Sample Size	Pain condition	Mean age (years)	Women (%)	Race/ethnicity (%)
		Sample Size	Pain condition	Mean age (years)	Women (%)	White	Black	Hispanic	Other
Anagnostis 2004³⁰	ODI	230	CDMD	43	53	60	29	11	0.1
Askew 2016³¹	PROMIS-PI	218	LBP	N/D	56	84	4	1	11
Burhnam 2012³²	MPQ, ODI	60	Spine	60	67	N/D
Changulani 2009³³	ODI, VAS	107	LBP	58	58	N/D
Chansirinukor 2005³⁴	RMDQ	143	LBP	38	26	N/D
Chien 2013³⁵	BPI	254	General MSP	51	50	N/D
Cook 2008³⁶	RMDQ	875	LBP	47	N/D	85	9	3	Asian, 2; other, 1
de Vet 2007³⁷	NRS	438	LBP	N/D	N/D	N/D
Deyo 2016³⁸	PROMIS-PI-SF	198	General MSP	67	62	92	N/D	4	4
Driban 2015³⁹	PROMIS-PI, SF-36 BPS, WOMAC	204	Knee (OA)	60	70	53	36	N/D	12
Fisher 1997⁴⁰	MPQ, ODI	54	LBP	41	63	N/D
Gallasch 2007⁴¹	Wong Faces, NRS, VAS	32	General MSP	51	N/D	N/D
Gentelle-Bonnassies 2000⁴²	VAS, WOMAC	80	Knee (OA)	62	70	N/D
Godil 2015⁴³	NRS	88	Neck and arm	52	44	N/D
Gronblad 1993⁴⁴	ODQ, VAS	94	LBP	43	51	N/D
Hicks 2009⁴⁵	ODI, SF-36 BPS	107	LBP	80	72	100	N/D	N/D	N/D
Jensen 2012⁴⁶	VAS	639	LBP	52	62	90	5	N/D	Asian, 1; other, 4
Kamper 2015⁴⁷	NRS, SF-36 BPS	280	Whiplash	44	65	N/D
Kean 2016⁴⁸*	BPI, PEG, PROMIS-PI-SF, SF-36 BPS	244	MSP	55	17	77	19	N/D	4
Keller 2004⁴⁹	BPI, GCPS, SF-36 BPS, RMDQ	131	LBP	46	N/D	N/D
Kerns 1985²⁰*	MPI (WHYMPI), MPQ	120	Chronic MSP	51	19	N/D
Krebs 2010⁵⁰^†	BPI, GCPS, PEG, RMDQ, SF-36 BPS	427	Back, hip, knee	59	53	58	38	N/D	4
Krebs 2009²³^†	BPI, GCPS, PEG, PGIC, RMDQ, SF-36 BPS	500	Back, hip, knee	59	52	58	38	N/D	4
Krebs 2007⁵¹	NRS	275	General MSP	59	59	70	24	N/D	6
Lovejoy 2012⁵²*	MPI, MPQ-2-SF, MPQ	186	LBP, neck, joint	54	8	75	N/D	N/D	15
Lund 2005⁵³	VAS	30	MSP	43	43	N/D
Macedo 2011⁵⁴	RMDQ	461	LBP	53	61	N/D
Maughan 2010⁵⁵	NRS, ODI, RMDQ	48	LBP	52	67	N/D
Merriwether 2016⁵⁶	PROMIS-PI	106	Fibromyalgia	49	100	96	N/D	N/D	4
Mikail 1993⁵⁷	MPI, ODI	315	General MSP	44	53	N/D
Nilsdotter 2003⁵⁸	HOOS, WOMAC, SF-36 BPS	62	Hip (OA)	73	45	N/D
Parker 2012⁵⁹	ODI, VAS	47	LBP	55	64	N/D
Pinsker 2015⁶⁰	NRS, WOMAC	142	Ankle	61	54	N/D
Scott 2015⁶¹	PGIC	476	Not specified	46	67	72	17	N/D	Asian, 7; other, 4
Sindhu 2011⁶²	NRS, VAS	33	Elbow, forearm, hand	39	48	N/D
Stewart 2007⁶³	NRS, SF-36 BPS	132	Whiplash	43	67	N/D
Stroud 2004⁶⁴	RMDQ	998	Not specified	44	57	84	3	4	Asian, 2; Native American, 4; other, 3
Tan 2004⁶⁵*	BPI, RMDQ	440	Not specified	55	8	72	21	N/D	7
Tong 2006⁶⁶	VAS	52	LBP	41	62	88	3	N/D	Asian, 3; other, 6
Trudeau 2015⁶⁷	WOMAC, NRS	47	Knee (OA)	N/D	N/D	N/D
van der Roer 2006⁶⁸	NRS	138	LBP	44	59	N/D
van Grootel 2007⁶⁹	VAS	118	TMD	32	93	N/D
Wittink 2004⁷⁰	MPI, ODI, SF-36 BPS	87	Chronic pain	47	67	79	N/D	N/D	21

CDMD chronic disabling musculoskeletal disorders, LBP low back pain, MSP musculoskeletal pain, N/D not determined, OA osteoarthritis, TMD temporomandibular disorder

*Enrolled exclusively US Veterans

†Enrolled US Veterans and non-Veterans; results not stratified by Veteran status