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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Autoimmun. 2018 Jan 17;89:11–20. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.01.002

Fig. 2. ZIKV infection to humans with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Fig. 2

ZIKV infection can be disseminated via vector or non-vector transmission. ZIKV infection targets CD14+ monocytes leading to increased inflammatory responses and immunotolerance, creating an additional risk for HIV-infected patients. ZIKV infection impacts the efficiency of ART regimen and increases the possibility of HIV transmission to the fetus in addition to the incidence of multiple malformations including microcephaly.