Table 5.
Adjusted association of age, time with diagnosed HIV, gender/sexuality and country of birth with depression, anxiety, and problems with ADLs in HIV-positive adults (logistic regression analysis)
| (N = 197) | Depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) | Anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 10) | One or more problems with ADLs | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 1 | Step 2 | |||||||||||||
| Independent variable | p value | Odds ratioa | 95% CI | p value | Odds ratioa | 95% CI | p value | Odds ratioa | 95% CI | p value | Odds ratioa | 95% CI | p value | Odds ratioa | 95% CI | p value | Odds ratioa | 95% CI |
| Age | 0.21 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.72 | 0.72 | ||||||||||||
| Test for trendb | 0.08 | 0.60 | (0.33, 1.07) | 0.29 | 0.72 | (0.39, 1.33) | 0.05 | 0.51 | (0.26, 0.99) | 0.14 | 0.59 | (0.28, 1.20) | 0.88 | 0.96 | (0.57, 1.61) | 0.68 | 1.12 | (0.65, 1.95) |
| < 40 | 0.10 | 2.70 | (0.82, 8.94) | 0.39 | 1.75 | (0.48, 6.32) | 0.09 | 3.40 | (0.83, 13.94) | 0.29 | 2.26 | (0.49, 10.41) | 0.67 | 1.27 | (0.43, 3.78) | 0.89 | 0.92 | (0.29, 2.96) |
| 40–50 | 0.17 | 1.90 | (0.75, 4.82) | 0.18 | 1.99 | (0.74, 5.39) | 0.05 | 2.72 | (0.98, 7.49) | 0.05 | 2.99 | (0.99, 9.03) | 0.63 | 0.82 | (0.38, 1.79) | 0.43 | 0.71 | (0.31, 1.65) |
| 50 +c | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Years with diagnosed HIV | 0.70 | 0.96 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||
| Test for trendb | 0.35 | 1.23 | (0.80, 1.87) | 0.67 | 1.11 | (0.70, 1.75) | 0.06 | 1.60 | (0.98, 2.61) | 0.12 | 1.54 | (0.90, 2.66) | 0.001 | 2.03 | (1.35, 3.03) | 0.003 | 1.93 | (1.25, 2.98) |
| 0–5c | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| 5–10 | 0.69 | 1.30 | (0.36, 4.76) | 0.95 | 1.04 | (0.26, 4.27) | 0.45 | 1.75 | (0.40, 7.58) | 0.81 | 1.22 | (0.24, 6.24) | 0.02 | 5.51 | (1.29, 23.56) | 0.04 | 5.05 | (1.09, 23.52) |
| 10–20 | 0.77 | 1.20 | (0.37, 3.90) | 0.96 | 1.03 | (0.29, 3.73) | 0.89 | 1.11 | (0.28, 4.45) | 0.91 | 0.92 | (0.20, 4.23) | 0.02 | 5.45 | (1.37, 21.62) | 0.02 | 6.16 | (1.40, 27.12) |
| 20 + | 0.30 | 2.02 | (0.54, 7.51) | 0.66 | 1.38 | (0.34, 5.61) | 0.04 | 4.70 | (1.09, 20.26) | 0.12 | 3.54 | (0.73, 17.12) | <.001 | 13.76 | (3.16, 59.94) | 0.002 | 11.00 | (2.33, 51.98) |
| Resilience | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | |||||||||||||||
| Test for trendb | <.001 | 0.37 | (0.23, 0.62) | <.001 | 0.35 | (0.20, 0.61) | <.001 | 0.47 | (0.31, 0.70) | |||||||||
| Low (< 73)c | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Average | 0.11 | 0.39 | (0.13, 1.22) | 0.58 | 0.72 | (0.23-2.27) | 0.35 | 0.62 | (0.22, 1.71) | |||||||||
| High (> 82) | <.001 | 0.13 | (0.05, 0.39) | <.001 | 0.10 | (0.03, 0.35) | <.001 | 0.22 | (0.10, 0.49) | |||||||||
| Gender/sexuality | 0.81 | 0.39 | 0.87 | 0.35 | 0.22 | 0.12 | ||||||||||||
| MSMc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Hetero male | 0.53 | 1.46 | (0.45, 4.77) | 0.18 | 0.54 | (0.22, 1.34) | 0.92 | 1.08 | (0.26, 4.50) | 0.73 | 0.83 | (0.29, 2.36) | 0.09 | 2.61 | (0.87, 7.78) | 0.12 | 0.50 | (0.21, 1.19) |
| Hetero female | 0.73 | 1.19 | (0.45, 3.17) | 0.92 | 0.91 | (0.17, 5.08) | 0.63 | 0.75 | (0.24, 2.36) | 0.23 | 2.97 | (0.50, 17.59) | 0.47 | 1.39 | (0.57, 3.40) | 0.47 | 1.80 | (0.36, 8.94) |
| Country of birth | ||||||||||||||||||
| Otherc | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| UK | 0.65 | 1.21 | (0.52, 2.80) | 0.96 | 0.98 | (0.40, 2.39) | 0.12 | 2.19 | (0.83, 5.80) | 0.17 | 2.10 | (0.74, 5.99) | 0.03 | 2.45 | (1.12, 5.35) | 0.04 | 2.39 | (1.03, 5.53) |
Step 1 and 2 analysis
CI confidence intervals, MSM men who have sex with men
aMultivariable logistic regression model including all factors in table. p‐values obtained using likelihood ratio tests
bLinear trend across groups
cReference group