Table 5.
Associations between selected factors and scores obtained on single neuropsychological tests where negative numbers suggest cognitive impairment
| Variable | One-back accuracya | List learningb | List recallb | CFTb | COWATb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (per +10 years) | 0.006 (−0.012, 0.024) | −1.2d (−1.6, −0.7) | −0.6d (−0.9, −0.4) | −0.2 (−0.9, 0.5) | 1.7 (0. 3, 3.2) |
| Site | |||||
| London | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Rome | −0.13d (−0.18, −0.09) | −3.5d (−4.7, −2.3) | −1.6d (−2.3, −1.0) | −0.0 (−1.7, 1.7) | 1.3 (−2.2, 4.8) |
| Copenhagen | −0.011 (−0.06, 0.04) | −0.8 (−2.1, 0.5) | −0.8 (−1.4, −0.1) | −0.2 (−2.1, 1.7) | −7.8d (−11.7, −3.8) |
| Minsk | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.09) | 1.0 (−1.0, 3.0) | 0.6 (−0.5, 1.7) | 3.9 (0.9, 6.8) | −2.0 (−8.0, 4.1) |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| MSM | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Heterosexual men | −0.06 (−0.11, −0.01) | −2.0c (−3.3, −0.7) | −0.5 (−1.2, 0.2) | −2.1 (−4.1, −0.1) | −5.4 (−9.4, −1.3) |
| Women (all) | 0.00 (−0.05, 0.05) | −0.1 (−1.4, 1.1) | 0.4 (−0.3, 1.1) | −0.6 (−2.5, 1.2) | 1.1 (−2.7, 4.9) |
| University education | 0.008 (−0.02, 0.04) | 0.7 (−0.1, 1.5) | 0.3 (−0.1, 0.7) | 1.5 (0.3, 2.7) | 3.3 (0.9, 5.8) |
| Confounding condition | 0.001 (−0.04, 0.04) | −0.4 (−1.5, 0.6) | −0.5 (−1.0, 0.1) | −2.1 (−3.6, −0.5) | −2.3 (−5.5, 0.9) |
| Contributing condition | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.05) | 0.5 (−0.6, 1.6) | 0.1 (−0.5, 0.7) | −0.5 (−2.1, 1.2) | 2.2 (−1.2, 5.6) |
| Non−white ethnic group | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.07) | −1.6 (−2.8, −0.3) | −0.6 (−1.3, 0.0) | −2.1 (−4.0, −0.3) | −1.3 (−5.1, 2.5) |
| Cannot always meet basic needs | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02) | −1.0 (−1.9, −0.3) | −0.4 (−0.9, 0.0) | −2.2 (−3.4, −1.0)d | −4.2 (−6.6, −1.8)d |
| Depression | |||||
| None/mild | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Moderate | −0.04 (−0.09, 0.00) | −0.4 (−1.6, 0.8) | −0.2 (−0.9, 0.5) | 0.9 (−0.9, 2.7) | −1.8 (−5.5, 2.0) |
| Severe | −0.05 (−0.10, −0.01) | −0.8(−2.0, 0.4) | −0.7 (−1.4, −0.1) | −0.1 (−1.8, 1.7) | −1.4 (−5.0, 2.3) |
| Time since HIV positive (per +10 years) | −0.006 (−0.03, 0.02) | −0.1 (−0.7, 0.4) | −0.0 (−0.4, 0.3) | 0.4 (-0.5, 1.3) | 0.4 (−1.4, 2.2) |
| Recent recreational drug use | −0.04 (−0.08, −0.01) | −0.8 (−1.7, 0.1) | −0.2 (−0.7, 0.3) | 1.0 (−0.4, 2.4) | 0.2 (−2.5, 3.0) |
| Problem drinking | 0.04 (0.01, 0.08) | 0.4 (−0.5, 1.3) | 0.4 (−0.0, 0.9) | 0.9 (−0.4, 2.2) | 2.7 (-0.0, 5.4) |
CFT category fluency test, COWAT controlled oral word association test
Tests in this table yield a higher score with better performance (better accuracy or more correct responses). Associations are expressed as effect size (95% confidence interval)
aOne-back accuracy is expressed as the arcsine transformation of the square root of the proportion of correct responses
bVerbal fluency tasks and list learning and recall tasks are expressed as total number of valid correct answers
cP < 0.005
dP < 0.001