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. 2018 Apr 16;8:6042. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24293-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Warpings along SW1 of mandible shape in males. Large muscle CSAs are associated with a wider, more trapezoidal ramus, more massive coronoid, rectangular body and a more curved basal arch. Mandibles with smaller muscle CSAs are characterized by a tall and narrow ramus (more like a parallelogram) with a pointed coronoid, triangular body and a more triangular basal arch.