Table 2.
Subgroup Analysis of the Risk of ESRD by Age, Sex, Comorbidity and Follow-Up Duration for SLE patients with and without DM.
| Characteristics | DM | Non-DM | IRR (95% CI) | P -value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | ESRD | PY # | Rate a | N | ESRD | PY # | Rate a | |||
| All | 1317 | 65 | 6635.70 | 9.80 | 1317 | 24 | 6633.60 | 3.62 | 2.71 (1.70–4.32)* | <0.0001* |
| Age at index date | ||||||||||
| <45 | 541 | 27 | 2851.67 | 9.47 | 541 | 12 | 2899.00 | 4.14 | 2.29 (1.16–4.51) | 0.02* |
| 45–65 | 576 | 25 | 2735.61 | 9.14 | 576 | 9 | 2698.15 | 3.34 | 2.94 (1.28–5.87) | 0.01* |
| ≥ 65 | 200 | 13 | 1048.42 | 12.40 | 200 | 3 | 1036.46 | 2.89 | 4.28 (1.22–15.03) | 0.02* |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 119 | 9 | 575.02 | 15.65 | 119 | 2 | 608.64 | 3.29 | 4.76 (1.03–22.05) | 0.04* |
| Female | 1198 | 56 | 6060.68 | 9.24 | 1198 | 22 | 6024.96 | 3.65 | 2.53 (1.55–4.14) | 0.0002* |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||||
| Hypertension | 412 | 36 | 1941.90 | 18.54 | 55 | 5 | 248.20 | 20.15 | 0.92 (0.36–2.35) | 0.86 |
| CAD | 83 | 3 | 435.82 | 6.61 | 14 | 0 | 86.61 | — | — | — |
| Hyperlipidemia | 140 | 15 | 616.47 | 24.33 | 14 | 0 | 64.22 | — | — | — |
| Gout | 41 | 8 | 178.82 | 44.74 | 5 | 1 | 33.38 | 29.96 | 1.49 (0.19–11.94) | 0.71 |
| HBV | 16 | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0 | — | — | - | — |
| HCV | 22 | 1 | 88.97 | 11.24 | 3 | 0 | 2.78 | — | — | — |
| Cirrhosis | 26 | 1 | 149.71 | 6.68 | 3 | 0 | 11.98 | — | — | — |
| Follow-up period | ||||||||||
| 0–2 years | 282 | 7 | 452.21 | 15.48 | 286 | 3 | 334.47 | 8.97 | 1.73 (0.45–6.67) | 0.43 |
| 2–4 years | 271 | 10 | 826.45 | 12.10 | 278 | 3 | 891.69 | 3.36 | 3.60 (0.99–13.07) | 0.05 |
| 4–6 years | 240 | 12 | 1174.73 | 10.22 | 245 | 4 | 1218.67 | 3.28 | 3.11 (1.00–9.65)* | 0.04* |
| 6–8 years | 243 | 14 | 1660.44 | 8.43 | 241 | 3 | 1688.87 | 1.78 | 4.75 (1.36–16.52) | 0.01* |
| ≥ 8 years | 281 | 22 | 2521.87 | 8.72 | 267 | 11 | 2499.90 | 4.40 | 1.98 (0.96–4.09) | 0.06 |
#PY, person-years.
aRate: per 1000 person-years.
IRR: Incidence rate ratio.
CI: Confidence interval.
ESRD: End stage renal disease; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; CAD: coronary artery disease; HBV infection: hepatitis B virus infection; HCV infection: hepatitis C virus infection.
The risk of getting ESRD was compared between the DM group and the controls group by estimating incidence rate ratio with Poisson regression.