Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants according to neck circumference quartiles in males
| Male | Neck circumference (cm) | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤34 | 34–36 | 36–38 | > 38 | ||
| N | 1240 | 1152 | 903 | 643 | |
| Age (y) | 55.55 ± 13.78 | 52.95 ± 13.43 | 53.00 ± 12.23 | 52.83 ± 12.05 | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.64 ± 8.22 | 68.52 ± 7.75 | 74.69 ± 7.87 | 81.77 ± 9.71 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 77.75 ± 7.91 | 82.87 ± 7.38 | 88.12 ± 7.86 | 93.75 ± 7.79 | < 0.001 |
| HC (cm) | 89.87 ± 5.47 | 93.66 ± 5.37 | 96.91 ± 4.96 | 100.44 ± 6.23 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.38 ± 2.60 | 24.31 ± 2.40 | 26.20 ± 2.40 | 28.49 ± 2.86 | < 0.001 |
| WHR | 0.87 ± 0.07 | 0.89 ± 0.07 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.93 ± 0.07 | < 0.001 |
| WHtR | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.49 ± 0.05 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 0.55 ± 0.05 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131.78 ± 21.87 | 132.49 ± 20.08 | 135.87 ± 19.51 | 140.60 ± 20.22 | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.64 ± 12.99 | 81.31 ± 12.80 | 83.73 ± 12.61 | 86.76 ± 13.01 | < 0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.52 ± 1.18 | 5.59 ± 1.40 | 5.81 ± 1.64 | 6.12 ± 1.92 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.49 ± 0.86 | 5.54 ± 0.99 | 5.69 ± 1.09 | 5.90 ± 1.20 | < 0.001 |
| FINS (pmol/L) | 23.40 (16.30–32.98) | 28.30 (19.53–40.08) | 35.50 (24.70–49.30) | 43.80 (29.90–64.70) | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.81 (0.55–1.17) | 0.97 (0.67–1.42) | 1.27 (0.84–1.80) | 1.59 (1.07–2.47) | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.15 (0.87–1.62) | 1.37 (0.98–1.98) | 1.66 (1.17–2.53) | 1.95 (1.35–2.81) | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.01 ± 0.89 | 5.08 ± 1.02 | 5.25 ± 1.02 | 5.33 ± 1.10 | < 0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.93 ± 0.70 | 3.06 ± 0.79 | 3.24 ± 0.74 | 3.24 ± 0.77 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.47 ± 0.34 | 1.36 ± 0.29 | 1.30 ± 0.28 | 1.27 ± 0.29 | < 0.001 |
| VAI | 0.99 (0.67–1.48) | 1.30 (0.85–2.03) | 1.69 (1.07–2.67) | 1.96 (1.32–3.13) | < 0.001 |
| LAP | 14.74 (7.04–24.46) | 24.13 (14.50–41.14) | 39.69 (24.08–62.56) | 53.70 (36.04–87.29) | < 0.001 |
| AVI | 11.98 (10.65–13.80) | 13.86 (12.27–15.50) | 15.54 (13.94–17.30) | 17.68 (15.86–19.66) | < 0.001 |
| Cindex | 43.54 ± 6.41 | 48.62 ± 6.06 | 53.82 ± 6.56 | 59.83 ± 7.42 | < 0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 19 (14–26) | 20 (16–28) | 23 (17–33) | 27 (19–39) | < 0.001 |
Data were presented as the mean ± SD for continuous variables with a normal distribution and as the median (interquartile range) for continuous variables with a skewed distribution. One–way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the differences between groups
WC waist circumference, HC hip circumference, BMI body mass index, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, FINS fasting insulin, HOMA-IR insulin resistance index, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, VAI visceral adiposity index, LAP lipid accumulation product, AVI abdominal volume index, Cindex conicity index