Table 2.
Characteristics of study participants according to neck circumference quartiles in females
| Female | Neck circumference (cm) | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤30 | 30–32 | 32–33 | > 33 | ||
| N | 1737 | 1756 | 650 | 1285 | |
| Age (y) | 50.68 ± 13.68 | 52.10 ± 12.63 | 53.06 ± 12.41 | 55.31 ± 12.04 | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 53.03 ± 6.66 | 59.37 ± 7.19 | 63.03 ± 7.92 | 66.68 ± 9.68 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 71.12 ± 7.77 | 76.97 ± 7.62 | 80.72 ± 7.95 | 85.89 ± 9.57 | < 0.001 |
| HC (cm) | 88.23 ± 5.29 | 92.31 ± 5.81 | 94.87 ± 6.05 | 97.98 ± 7.13 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.85 ± 2.67 | 24.17 ± 3.03 | 25.37 ± 3.06 | 26.93 ± 3.65 | < 0.001 |
| WHR | 0.81 ± 0.07 | 0.83 ± 0.07 | 0.85 ± 0.07 | 0.88 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 |
| WHtR | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.49 ± 0.06 | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.07 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 124.72 ± 21.76 | 130.30 ± 22.24 | 131.81 ± 21.88 | 137.18 ± 21.50 | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.26 ± 12.35 | 77.54 ± 12.76 | 79.10 ± 12.82 | 81.04 ± 13.14 | < 0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.35 ± 1.10 | 5.51 ± 1.32 | 5.53 ± 1.00 | 6.03 ± 1.73 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.29 ± 0.77 | 5.43 ± 0.89 | 5.44 ± 0.77 | 5.73 ± 1.09 | < 0.001 |
| FINS (pmol/L) | 28.40 (21.40–38.50) | 35.25 (26.13–47.58) | 38.40 (27.80–51.53) | 44.40 (31.95–63.85) | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.96 (0.70–1.32) | 1.19 (0.87–1.69) | 1.33 (0.95–1.85) | 1.60 (1.13–2.48) | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.06 (0.80–1.45) | 1.26 (0.90–1.76) | 1.35 (0.96–2.00) | 1.49 (1.06–2.12) | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.08 ± 1.04 | 5.16 ± 1.05 | 5.25 ± 1.03 | 5.25 ± 0.99 | < 0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.00 ± 0.80 | 3.10 ± 0.80 | 3.20 ± 0.83 | 3.16 ± 0.77 | < 0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.58 ± 0.31 | 1.49 ± 0.29 | 1.45 ± 0.28 | 1.40 ± 0.28 | < 0.001 |
| VAI | 1.16 (0.79–1.73) | 1.51 (1.00–2.30) | 1.70 (1.11–2.67) | 1.98 (1.28,3.07) | < 0.001 |
| LAP | 12.60 (6.65–22.92) | 22.96 (13.44–38.00) | 31.28 (18.32–49.30) | 42.90 (24.64–66.01) | < 0.001 |
| AVI | 10.08 (8.95–11.65) | 11.94 (10.45–13.50) | 13.05 (11.58–14.91) | 14.89 (12.96–17.01) | < 0.001 |
| Cindex | 38.13 ± 5.73 | 43.51 ± 6.10 | 46.91 ± 6.70 | 51.43 ± 8.52 | < 0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 14 (11–19) | 16 (12–21) | 17 (13–22) | 18 (14–26) | < 0.001 |
Data are presented as the mean ± SD for continuous variables with a normal distribution and as the median (interquartile range) for continuous variables with a skewed distribution. ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the differences between groups
WC waist circumference, HC hip circumference, BMI body mass index, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, FINS fasting insulin, HOMA-IR insulin resistance index, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, VAI visceral adiposity index, LAP lipid accumulation product, AVI abdominal volume index, Cindex conicity index