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. 2017 Sep 8;70(1):15–19. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.09.002

Table 4.

Nature of CTO occlusion lesion and successful intervention.

Success (N = 143)
Failure (N = 67)
N % N % P value
CTO stump Blunt 110 67.9 52 32.1 0.912
Tapering 33 68.8 15 31.3



Site of CTO Ostial 17 65.4 9 34.6 0.010
Proximal 45 55.6 36 44.4
Mid 60 77.9 17 22.1
Distal 21 80.8 5 19.2



Calcification No 75 72.1 29 27.9 0.005
Mild 32 84.2 6 15.8
Moderate 24 55.8 19 44.2
Severe 12 48 13 52



Length of CTO 0.0001
<10 56 98.2 3 1.8
10–20 58 65.2 31 34.8
>20 29 46.8 33 53.2



Collaterals Absent 3 60 2 40 0.0001
Bridging 50 51 48 49
Hetro 22 81.5 5 18.5
Homo 68 85 12 15



Distal reformation 0.003
Poor 59 56.3 44 43.8
Good 84 78.5 23 21.5