Fig. 5.

Management of patients with HF.

*If affordability is not an issue, then ARNI can be used over RAAS inhibitors.

# ARB should be used when ACE inhibitor is not tolerated

** Beta-blocker should be titrated to its maximum tolerated dose to obtain heart rate <70 bpm. If the beta-blocker is not tolerated or contraindicated, then add or replace it with ivabradine.

ARNI = angiotensin II receptor blocker neprilysin inhibitor; MRA = mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker