Fig. 2.

Cynaroside reduces cisplatin-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in HK-2 cells. (A–B) After pretreatment with 10 μM cynaroside, HK-2 cells were treated with 20 μM cisplatin for 24 hr. Annexin V and propidium iodide staining and JC-1 staining were analyzed by flow cytometry. Data represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Representative images were taken from at least three independent experiments. ^*Means with difference letters are significantly different at ^*p < 0.05 vs. cisplatin (20 μM), ^**p < 0.05 vs. control.