Table 4.
Univariate Analysis: Select Household and Dietary Exposures Among Study Participants
| Variable | Cases (n = 226), No. (%) | Controls (n = 226), No. (%) | Unadjusted Matched Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Household exposuresa | ||||
| Any household member wore diapers | 25 (11.1) | 14 (6.2) | 1.79 (0.89–3.72) | .11 |
| Household member ≤3 years old (eg, child who wore diapers) | 18 (8.1) | 8 (3.7) | 2.25 (.93–5.98) | .08 |
| Household member attended child or adult daycare | 15 (6.6) | 9 (4.0) | 1.67 (0.68–4.32) | .31 |
| Household member had diarrhea | 21/218 (9.6) | 15/216 (6.9) | 1.23 (0.56–2.78) | .71 |
| Household member with overnight stay in a hospital | 9/224 (4.0) | 5 (2.2) | 2.25 (0.63–10.00) | .27 |
| Household member with overnight stay in a nursing home | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) | 1.00 (0.07–13.80) | 1.00 |
| Household member volunteered or worked in a health care facility | 20 (8.9) | 18/224 (8.0) | 1.12 (0.55–2.78) | .71 |
| Dietary exposuresb | ||||
| Eggs | 25 (11.1) | 26 (11.5) | 0.96 (0.50–1.82) | 1.00 |
| Dairy | 125 (55.3) | 129 (57.1) | 0.93 (0.62–1.38) | .77 |
| Fresh raw vegetables | 73 (32.3) | 87 (38.5) | 0.77 (0.52–1.15) | .21 |
| Plant-based protein | 19 (8.4) | 19 (8.4) | 1.00 (0.48–2.08) | 1.00 |
| Red meat | 33 (14.6) | 27 (12.0) | 1.27 (0.70–2.33) | 1.00 |
| Poultry | 51 (22.6) | 48 (21.2) | 1.09 (0.67–1.77) | .82 |
| Seafood | 11 (4.9) | 10 (4.4) | 1.10 (0.42–2.89) | 1.00 |
| Diverse dietc | 130 (57.5) | 138 (61.1) | 0.85 (0.56–1.29) | .48 |
| Well or spring waterd | 22/221 (10.0) | 33/219 (15.1) | 0.54 (0.25–1.11) | .10 |
Any missing response to a variable was excluded from the denominator. Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
aExposure period was during the 12 weeks preceding illness onset.
bUnless otherwise specified, dietary exposure is defined as the consumption of a food product with a frequency of more than 5 times during a typical week.
cDefined as any food product except for plant-based protein consumed during a typical week, regardless of the frequency of consumption.
dSource of drinking water around the time of illness onset.