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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 17.
Published in final edited form as: Antiviral Res. 2016 Aug 13;133:208–217. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.013

Figure 4. Early mucosal immune defense genes were upregulated after influenza A virus infection.

Figure 4

Defb4 expression had a bimodal pattern with early expression in response to CA4 and delayed expression after PR8. Additionally, Defb4 was undetectable at some timepoints after both strains (ND, not detected). More Bpifa1 was expressed in response to CA4 compared to PR8, but this gene was significantly downregulated at later timepoints after both viruses. While elevated in expression compared to naïve controls, Camp levels were more stable after PR8 compared to CA4 peaking at 120 hpi. An additional peak in Camp expression occurred after CA4 at 3 hpi. Graphs represent the mean and standard error of the mean of n=5 mice per timepoint each with a technical replicate and are representative of two independent experiments. Dotted lines represent the mean in mock-infected controls. Delta (Δ) symbols represent p<0.05 compared to mock-infected control and asterisks (*) represent p<0.05 when CA4 and PR8 were compared by two-way ANOVA with Sidak's multiple comparisons test.